6 Nov 2025, Thu


Nuclear weapons are considered the most lethal weapons for humanity. These include killing large numbers of people in a matter of moments, destroying cities and creating environmental and health crises that can last for decades. Today we will know in detail the main types of these weapons, their effects, historical examples and the warnings and legal framework raised against them at the global level. Nuclear weapons are generally divided into four major types.

1. Fission (fission/atomic) bomb

This is the oldest type and in this, huge energy is released from the fission of nuclei of heavy atoms. Historically, the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were in this category. It has the potential to cause massive destruction in small cities or large areas and leave immediate and long-term radiation effects.

2. Thermonuclear (hydrogen) bomb

It is many times more energetic than fission. It involves integrated fission-triggered and fusion processes, due to which the yield can go from kilotons to megatons. Extreme heat, huge pressure waves and long-term radioactive fallout can affect large areas. Therefore it is considered the most dangerous at the tactical and strategic level. The name of ‘Tsar Bomba’ is associated with one of the most powerful tests in history, whose yield estimation has been discussed.

3. Neutron Bomb (Radiation-Focused)

It is a special type of the thermonuclear family that aims to cause significant damage to survivors through rapid high-level neutron radiation rather than a blast, while leaving physical structures relatively intact. Its use has been considered in military strategies but is not widely supported due to humanitarian and legal concerns.

4. Dirty Bomb (Radiological Dispersal Device)

Dirty bombs are made by mixing radioactive material with conventional explosives so that radioactive pollution can be spread. This is not a conventional ‘nuclear explosion’, but can cause local-area fear, economic damage and long-term health risks. Its purpose is generally considered to be terrorism or instigating public consciousness.

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