Dr. Umar Nabi was driving the i20 car in which the blast took place near the Red Fort in Delhi. Umar’s DNA has matched with his mother’s DNA. The investigation teams found Umar’s teeth, bones, pieces of blood-stained clothes and part of his leg, which was stuck between the steering wheel and the accelerator, from the car. Till now, a total of 12 terrorists have been arrested in this case, out of which 6 terrorists are doctors. That means now ‘white collar terror’ is spreading in India. Its biggest advantage is that no one can even imagine that the doctors who save lives will turn out to be harboring terrorists.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer who is Dr. Umar who blew himself up in the car, why only doctors were chosen for the Delhi blasts and who is behind the ‘White Collar Terror’…

Question 1- Who was Dr. Umar Nabi involved in the Delhi car blast?
answer- Dr. Umar Nabi was born in Sambura village of Pulwama district of Jammu and Kashmir. He was a medical professional. He became a doctor after completing MBBS from Government Medical College (GMC), Srinagar in 2017. Umar’s family describes him as an introvert, who did not have many friends and always focused on studies. Omar’s cousin Wasim Ahangar told the media, ‘The things that are being said about Umar are very shocking.’

Umar was born in 1993. An elder brother is a plumber and the younger brother is studying. There is also a sister, who is married. Umar was working as a senior doctor or assistant professor at Al-Falah University Hospital in Faridabad, Haryana. According to reports, Umar was engaged to a girl from Srinagar and was going to get married after some time.

Question 2- Was the Delhi blast a suicide attack or a hasty explosion?
answer- From October 30, Umar switched off his mobile phone and did not even go to teach at the university. On November 8, Umar got scared when 2,900 kg of ammonium nitrate was recovered from Dr. Muzammil and Maulvi from Faridabad. He hid in Wahdhouj village itself. On 10th November he took a car and came to Delhi. After this, a car blast took place in Delhi on 10 November.

But now there can be 4 scenarios…

• Scenario 1- Blast occurred in haste: According to reports, Umar’s remaining associates were caught and he was the leader of this module. Frightened by the raids one after another, he brought the car to Delhi. The bomb exploded inadvertently while hiding or transporting the car.
• Scenario 2- Deliberate blast: Umar planned the blast after the arrest of his associates. He hastily made a makeshift detonator and deliberately triggered it. Jaish-e-Mohammed radicals support it.
• Scenario 3- Mechanical or Technical Fault: The blast occurred due to wiring or chemical reaction. The car was moving in traffic and its vibration suppressed the detonator. The forensic team said that it was a hastily assembled device. But the panic factor weakens this scenario.
• Scenario 4- Another man instigated the explosion: When Umar reached Delhi, he parked the car in the parking lot of Sunehri Masjid near Red Fort. The car remained parked here for 3 hours. In such a situation, it is possible that someone came to meet Umar and triggered the blast.

However, any of these scenarios may or may not be true. Retired Lieutenant General of the Indian Army Satish Dua says, ‘No official information has come out about this yet nor has any group taken responsibility for it. Whenever there is a suicide attack, some organization takes responsibility for it.

Police had expressed apprehension that the terrorists involved in the Delhi blasts had not one but two cars. On Wednesday, another car, red Eco Sport, was also seized from Faridabad. Other than this Delhi blast There were 3 big revelations in…

1. Reiki of Red Fort was done in January 2025: Mobile dump data of the arrested accused revealed that Dr. Muzammil Ghani, an assistant professor arrested from Faridabad’s Al Falah University, and Dr. Umar Nabi, who was allegedly killed in the blast, had conducted recce of the Red Fort several times in January. Both of them had understood the security there and the crowd pattern. Police suspect that the terrorists had planned to attack the Red Fort on January 26, which failed.
2. There was a plan to attack Delhi on 6 December: Omar wanted to attack Delhi on 6 December, but the plan got spoiled due to the arrest of Muzammil. This came to light during the interrogation of 8 accused. The center of this interstate module was in Faridabad. There are 6 doctors among the arrested terrorists. Another suspect, Dr. Nisar, a resident of Srinagar, is absconding. He is also the president of the Doctors Association of Kashmir, who was teaching in Al-Falah. Jammu and Kashmir government has dismissed Dr. Nisar.
3. Ghani was collecting explosives by pretending to be a sack of fertilizer: Kashmiri Dr. Muzammil Ghani, working at Al-Falah University, Faridabad, was storing explosive material in a rented room by pretending to be fertilizer sacks. 20 days ago, Muzammil had come to the room to keep some sacks, when the neighbors had asked him what was in it? In response, Muzammil had said that these were fertilizer bags, which had to be taken to Kashmir.

Question 3- Why were doctors chosen for the Delhi blasts?
answer- The white collar module was based on highly educated individuals who leveraged their professional identities to handle funding, logistics and radicalization. The objective of the module was to plan attacks in big cities like Delhi, Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Mumbai. Actually, becoming a doctor is the biggest dream of Kashmiri people. In such a situation, if these doctors are made pawns, then the work becomes less and easier. According to experts,

• The professional identity of doctors makes them respected and doubt-free. He could easily hide explosives, weapons and chemicals while working in hospitals and universities.
• The doctors made Al-Falah University their base, where about 40% of the doctors are Kashmiris.
• It is easy to radicalize educated youth. Campuses are made recruitment hubs, where contacts are made on Telegram in the name of charity and relief work. The women’s wing ‘Jamaat-ul-Mominat’ was established by doctors.
• White collar members could plan major attacks. He used to raise funds from charitable fronts, which diverts the attention of investigating agencies. These were used as ‘sleeper cells’.
• Earlier engineers were targeted, but now doctors are targeted because they follow the pattern of global jihad. They are not unemployed but ideologically motivated.

Out of the 12 terrorists involved in this blast, 6 are doctors, which include names like Dr. Muzammil Shakeel, Dr. Shaheen Shahid, Dr. Adil Ahmed, Dr. Sajjad Ahmed, Dr. Parvez Ansari and Dr. Tajamul Ahmed Malik.

Question 4- Were the Delhi blasts linked to Jaish-e-Mohammed?
answer- The investigating agencies have recovered the diaries of Dr. Omar and Dr. Muzammil. The dates of 8th to 12th November are recorded in these. This revealed that such an incident was being planned. The diary also contained names of about 25 people, most of whom were residents of Jammu and Kashmir and Faridabad. These diaries were recovered from Dr. Umar’s room number 4 and Muzammil’s room number 13 on Tuesday and Wednesday. Police have recovered a diary from Muzammil’s room.

Code words were written in the diaries of Umar and Muzammil, these are being decoded. The agencies are also investigating whether different vehicles were being prepared for the blasts. Investigative agencies said on Thursday that about 8 suspects were preparing to carry out blasts at four locations. A group of 2-2 people was given the target of blast in one big city.

The investigators of the diaries of Omar and Muzammil have revealed that the terrorists of Doctor Terror module associated with Jaish-e-Mohammed had planned blasts at 6 places in Delhi on 6 December. These people had planned to attack in August, but after the operation was delayed, a new date was chosen – 6 December, which is the anniversary of the demolition of Babri Masjid. During interrogation, members of the Doctor terrorist module told that they had planned to carry out serial blasts in 5 different phases.

1. Creating a terrorist module linked to Jaish-Ghazwat ul Hind.
2. Buying raw materials for making explosives.
3. Making IED and recceing the target.
4. Delivering explosives to the module members.
5. To carry out blasts at 5 to 6 places.

This shows that this attack is related to Jaish. Apart from this, on October 19, Dr. Adil had put up a poster in Naugaon, Jammu and Kashmir, which had the name of Jaish-e-Mohammed. In this poster, local shopkeepers were warned not to have any connection with the army or any central agency, nor to do any deal. The security agencies were alert to this.

,The blisters of the heart got burnt due to the scars on the chest,
This house caught fire from the house lamp…’

urdu poet mahtab rai copper This famous couplet is about Pakistan and its Army Chief Asim Munir But fits well. Now you will think why so? So let us tell you that Asim Munir By amending the Constitution of Pakistan, all three Army Has taken the command and button of the atomic bomb in his hands. on 10th November Senate And on November 11, the lower house approved the bill. Asim Munir His speeches are full of religious words and references. Munir ideology of Pakistani Army It has penetrated so deeply that they have created their own imaginary enemies. This may or may not cause harm to any other country, but it will destroy Pakistan itself.

so come A.B.P. explainer I understand that Asim Munir What changes did Pakistan make in the Constitution, how powerful did Pakistan become? Army How else will the Chief sink with Pakistan…

Question 1- Pakistani Army In CDF What is the position of and how powerful is it?,
answer- Still Chief of Pakistan defense forces ,CDF) There was no post named. this particular Asim Munir For woven going. Along with this, the current chairman joint Chiefs Off Staff Committee (CJCSC, The post of will be abolished on 27 November 2025. CDF He will be the head of all three armies…

• CDF After becoming the Army Chief (COAS) entire military services army, navy And air force But you will get constitutional rights.
• With this, for the first time the post of Army Chief will be permanently recorded in the Constitution as the supreme military power.
• So far CJCSC Used to create mutual coordination between the three armies. while the real power Army Chief used to have, but now both things CDF Will be near.
• army to the chief CDF Will also be given the post of. On the advice of the President and Prime Minister CDF Forces Will appoint.
• NSC a new one named command Will be made. It is called nuclear weapons and missiles Of control Will be given. Prime Minister is responsible for this In place of CDF Will be near.

Question 2- Asim Munir To CDF what happened to make,
answer- Shahbaz The government is making changes in the constitution for this. The bill related to this will be passed in the upper house of the Parliament i.e. on November 10. Senate I passed. 64 votes were cast in its favor, while the opposition walkout Did it.

• Pakistani News website ARYA News According to, on November 11, the lower house i.e. National assembly This bill was introduced in, which was passed. But it will be presented again after making some amendments. It is expected to be passed again.
• This bill is being considered as the biggest and controversial proposal in the history of Pakistan. It is being said that this will change both the justice system and military structure of the country. The Constitution of Pakistan is of 1973, in which the 27th amendment is now going on.
• National is a very special part of the 27th constitutional amendment. strategic command ,NSC, Formation of. it command Pakistan’s nuclear weapons and missile system monitoring and control Will do.
• Pakistani Newspaper don In the report of expert It has been quoted that this will make the army in the country more powerful. The ongoing amendment to the Constitution will permanently enshrine the rights of the Army in the Constitution.
• Any future civilian government will not be able to easily reverse these changes. This means that in practice the role of ‘President’s Supreme Commander’ will remain only formal.

Question 3- Asim Munir For CDF How important is the post of,
answer- of India in May 2025 operation after vermilion Munir To field Marshall Got the honor of. This was the second such post of Pakistan. first in 1959 Ayub Khan had given himself. President Asif Ali Zardari and prime minister Shahbaz Sharif of Islamabad President This title was given in the House on 20 May 2025. But field marsh This title was constitutionally unsafe. Hence the issue of 27th amendment arose.

• pakistan newspaper don According to, this amendment Asim Munir to not only lifetime privilege gives them, rather COAS together with CDS Also assigns the post of. Law Minister Azam Nazir Tarar by Senate said in, ,this title lifelong Is of. like in other countries Marshall of the air Force or Admiral of the Fleet It happens., it Munir It is very important for them because on 28th November they retire Are going to happen. In such a situation, if I get this post, then They lifelong retire Will not happen.
• The don Of according toThe task of weakening the Supreme Court was carried out by former military ruler General Zia.ul-Haq and Parvez Musharraf Now the elected Parliament is going to do the work which powerful people could not do in their times. This amendment will prove that Parliament has the power to change everything. Also, if she wants, she can break the backbone of the judiciary.
• Asim Munir Lived on-ul-are considered the rightful heirs of the right, because they Pakistani Army I talk about jihad. They Pakistani Army To islamic Army Want to make.

Question 4- The reason for all this happening is only Munir Is there sympathy for or something else?,
answer- experts According to, this amendment is the result of military-political alliance. Shahbaz Sharif government it ,modernization, told, but Story India-Pakistan are in conflict in May 2025. operation Pakistan claimed victory after Sindoor, this Munir of position Got stronger. Although, internal reports Had called it a failure.

politically Imran Khan’s political party pakistan movement-e-Insaf (PTI) Army support was necessary to suppress it. Imran are in jail and PTI An attempt was made to declare it a criminal organization. The alliance gathered majority for the amendment. Bilawal Bhutto said, ,We Article Will support military change of 243, but freedom in our province Roll back No.,

America remained silent at the international level. Trump the administration Munir To support did, but in the US Congress republican Who Wilson And democrat jimmy Paneta by ,pakistan democracy act, introduced, which Munir Attempts to ban. still Sudi arab and West with asia Munir Of defense pact Made it easy.

Question 5- What? Munir Giving immense power to Pakistan will be a problem for Pakistan only.,
answer- foreign affairs expert and JNU retired from professor A. Of. Pasha According to, this amendment can prove fatal for Pakistan in the long run. Al Jazeera report said, ,This will give permanent dominance to the army, which will weaken democracy., Other than this…

• institutional imbalance, east of pakistan defense secretary Asif Yaseen Malik That said, it seems to be built for a single person, not to strengthen the defense structure. navy And Air Dissatisfaction may increase in the force, leading to internal rebellion or weak coordination.
• end of democracy, movement-A-Tahafuj n-e-Pakistan (TTAP, Declared nationwide protests on 9 November. Akhund On Jiya’s poster ,Long liv Democracy, down with Dictatorship, wrote. This will increase political instability and cause more damage to the already struggling economy.
• threat of nuclear risk, nuclear command to depend on one person miscalculation Will increase. This will lead to India or afghanistan Tension may deepen with. Munir of ambition Will promote personal decisions.
• Munir to destroy pakistan, History is witness to this Ayub Khan (1958), Zia-ul-Haq (1977) and Parvez Musharraf (1999) destabilized military power. Munir Greed for power can lead to economic crisis, corruption and rebellion. This civil-military This will make the imbalance permanent, which will hollow out Pakistan from within.

According to intelligence and defense sources of New Delhi, India has created 3 new military posts on the Bangladesh border. These posts have been made at Bamuni in Dhubri, Assam, Kishanganj in Bihar and Chopra in West Bengal. India is now increasing its closeness with Pakistan, the enemy country which had liberated Bangladesh 54 years ago. After Mohammad Yunus takes power in Bangladesh in 2024, relations with India are worsening day by day. Not only this, on November 9, after 54 years, a warship reached the coast of Bangladesh, which is Pakistan’s PNS Saif.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer how India-Bangladesh relations broke down, why Yunus is supporting Pakistan and whether something big is going to happen…

Question 1- How has India helped Bangladesh in the last 54 years?
answer- Today’s Bangladesh was once East Pakistan. Fed up with the atrocities of the Pakistani Army and the discrimination of the government there, the rebellion started. Bangladesh was formed by defeating Pakistan on 16 December 1971 with the help of Indian Army. In the last 7 decades, India was always ready to help its new neighbour. Even after suffering losses many times…

• In 1996, the two countries signed a ‘Ganga Water Sharing’ treaty for the Ganges River, which was essential for Bangladesh’s agricultural and water needs.
• In 2006, India took a unilateral decision, after which all goods from Bangladesh except cigarettes and liquor come to India at zero tariff. People of Bangladesh buy fabric from China and make clothes and send it to India. This causes problems to India’s local industry. Despite this he has got this facility.
• From 2010 to 2020, India gave a line of credit of about 8 billion dollars i.e. about 68 thousand crore rupees. Invested in 17 projects like roads, railways and ports.
• In 2015, under the Land Boundary Agreement, both the countries divided 162 small areas, which ended the border dispute. In this, India gave 10 thousand acres more land to Bangladesh.
• During Covid in 2021, India gave 33 lakh Covishield vaccines to Bangladesh free of cost and also sent medicines and equipment for hospitals.
• In 2022-23, there was trade between the two countries worth 12.2 billion dollars i.e. about Rs 1.4 lakh crore. It contains most of the daily needs items.
• From 2023, India will send 2 thousand MW electricity to Bangladesh every day. Apart from this, diesel will be supplied to Bangladesh through India-Bangladesh Friendship Pipeline from 2023.
• India had given a grant of Rs 120 crore to Bangladesh for 2024-25. Apart from this, India has given a total line of credit of about Rs 66 thousand crores, out of which a large amount was spent on infrastructure projects.
• Even in 2025, India retained a grant of Rs 120 crore. Apart from this, India provided funding to 77 small projects under High Impact Community Development Projects (HICDPs).

Question 2- How did the attitude of Bangladesh change after the government of Mohammad Yunus?
answer- After the rebellion in Bangladesh in August 2024, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina had to flee the country and took refuge in India. An interim government was formed in Bangladesh and Mohammad Yunus became its head. India-Bangladesh relations were very strong during the time of Sheikh Hasina, but after that the anti-India activities of Bangladesh increased…

1. Bangladesh increased its closeness to Pakistan

• Muhammad Yunus visited Pakistan in September and December 2024 and talked about strengthening relations by forgetting grudges.
• Mohammad Yunus government abolished visa security clearance for Pakistanis.
• Direct maritime connectivity between Pakistan and Bangladesh was started in November 2024.
• According to The Tribune report, the Yunus government had ordered ammunition to Pakistan, which included more than 40 thousand rounds of ammunition and 2,900 RDX of 40 tonnes.
• On October 24, 2025, Pakistan’s Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee chief Shahid Shamshad Mirza reached Bangladesh. Mohammad Yunus gifted him the book ‘Art of Triumph’ containing the map of Greater Bangladesh.
• On November 8, Pakistani Navy Chief Admiral Naved Ashraf also reached Bangladesh on a four-day official visit.
• On November 8, Pakistani warship ‘PNS Saif’ reached Chittagong port of Bangladesh via the Bay of Bengal.

2. Bangladesh increased its closeness to China

• On 26-29 March 2025, Muhammad Yunus visited China and participated in the Boao Forum for Asia. He met Chinese leaders and signed many agreements.
• China will invest more than $1 billion in Bangladesh by 2025, which includes the development of Mongla port. This port is about 200 kilometers away from Kolkata, which increased India’s concerns.
• China announced to donate 4 hospitals, robotic physiotherapy center and cardiac surgery vehicle to Bangladesh.
• China had announced funding of about Rs 3400 crore for the establishment of Industrial Economic Zone (CEIZ) and Mongla Port.
• On October 8, the Bangladesh government approved the purchase of 20 Chinese J-10CE fighter jets for $2.2 billion.
• On October 19, hundreds of people gathered near Shaheed Minar of Chittagong University in Bangladesh demanding implementation of the China-backed Teesta Master Plan. India is against this plan.

3. Bangladesh started showing eyes to India

• On 13 April 2025, the National Board of Revenue (NBR) of Bangladesh banned the import of yarn from India through Benapole, Bhomra, Banglabandha, Barimari and Sona Masjid land ports.
• Asif Nazrul, legal advisor to the interim government of Bangladesh, had said while replying to the Vijay Diwas tweet of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, ’16 December 1971 was the victory day of Bangladesh. India was just an ally, nothing more.
• Mohammad Yunus gifted the book Art of Triumph to many foreign guests. In the controversial map of ‘Greater Bangladesh’ made on this, the north-eastern areas of India have been described as part of Bangladesh.

Question 3- So now does India face a bigger threat from Bangladesh, which has built military posts?
answer- India created 3 new military posts to secure the Siliguri Corridor i.e. Chicken Neck. These are operationally ready and are the answer to the threat from China-Pak-Bangladesh alliance. Apart from this, India reactivated Kailashahar airbase in Tripura, so that the North-East can be kept an eye on.

Actually, Chicken Neck is located in the Indian state of West Bengal, which is 22 kilometers wide. Chicken Neck is very special from the security point of view of India, because it connects North-Eastern India with the western states. If this route is stopped in any way then the north-eastern states of India will be separated and the country will be divided into two parts. It is through this route that imports and exports are made to the north-eastern states of India.

Question 4- Then how can India teach a lesson to Bangladesh?
answer- According to foreign affairs expert and NEHU professor Prosenjit Biswas, India can teach a lesson to Bangladesh in 3 ways…

1. Creating economic pressure: In April 2025, India retaliated against Bangladesh and closed the trans-shipment facility, due to which Bangladesh suffered a loss of about Rs 6,500 crore annually. In May 2025, India imposed import restrictions on Bangladeshi yarn, rice and garments. In response, Bangladesh banned Indian products, but Bangladesh suffered more losses due to India’s trade surplus exceeding ($11 billion). In Budget 2025, India has planned to boost its textile industry so that Bangladesh’s garment market share can be snatched away. Similarly, India should put pressure on Bangladesh.
2. Increasing Tariff on Agricultural Products: India warned of increasing tariffs on Bangladesh’s agricultural products like jute, fish and tobacco. The increase in tariff will be a big blow to Bangladesh’s economy, because 16% of Bangladesh’s GDP comes from exports and India is the second largest export market.
3. Control over power supply: India supplies 2 MW electricity to Bangladesh, which is a major part of Bangladesh’s energy needs. India may reduce supplies or tighten payment terms. This may affect the industrial activities and life of Bangladesh.

Question 5- Will the relations between India and Bangladesh improve or worsen in future?
answer- On April 4, 2025, PM Modi and Mohammad Yunus met for the first time during the BIMSTEC Summit in Bangkok, Thailand. Modi said, ‘We want a positive relationship, but pay attention to the safety of Hindus and extremism.’ Yunus replied, ‘Send Hasina back, she is spreading falsehood.’ This meeting was limited to photos only, no agreement was reached.

Prosenjit Biswas says, ‘It is very difficult to improve relations between India and Bangladesh in 2026, because Bangladesh is coming closer to India’s enemy countries. At the same time, elections can be held in Bangladesh in April 2026. If Bangladesh Nationalist Party wins in this, relations with India will worsen. Bangladesh will stop all trade with India, blockage will start at Chicken Neck, India will completely bypass North-East and movement of goods will happen through Kaladan Port (Myanmar). Bangladesh will suffer the most because about 2 crore Bangladeshis will be unemployed and GDP will fall by 3.8%. But if Awami League comes to power then relations are expected to improve.

Today is the 38th day of the government shutdown in America that started on October 1. This is the longest shutdown in American history. Earlier, during the first term of President Donald Trump, government work was at a standstill for 35 days. Due to the shutdown, food supply to 42 million Americans has been stopped and millions of employees have been sent on leave. From November 7, flights were reduced by 10% at 40 airports including New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. The situation in America is worsening day by day because Trump does not want to spend on health insurance.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer why there was a shutdown in America, how the issue of health insurance became the reason for the shutdown and what impact it will have on India…

Question 1- What is the shutdown in America and when has it happened?
answer- America’s fiscal year, i.e. the year of expenditure, starts from October 1. In a way, this is the economic year of the government, in which it plans to spend its money and make the budget. Congress has to pass 12 appropriation bills by September 30, which provide money to run the government for the entire year. During this time the government decides where to invest money, like in army, health or education.

If the new budget is not passed by this date, the President does not sign it. Due to this, government work (non-essential) stops. This is called shutdown. There is money in the American treasury, but there is no legal permission to spend it. This is the 22nd funding gap and 11th complete shutdown since 1977. According to Congressional Research Service America-

• December 2018- 35 days
• February 2018- 1 day
• January 2018- 3 days
• September 2013- 16 days
• December 1995- 21 days
• November 1995- 5 days

Question 2- Why was there the longest shutdown ever in America?
answer- There are 3 big reasons for the continued shutdown…

1. Congress could not pass funding bill: Congress had to pass 12 appropriation bills by September 30, which would have provided money for FY2026 (October 1, 2025 to September 30, 2026). But no bill was passed. The House passed a ‘clean’ continuing resolution (CR) that would have extended funding until November 21, but it failed in the Senate because Democrats blocked it.
2. Obama takes a stand on health care subsidies: Both the major parties of America, Democrats and Republicans, are at loggerheads over the Obama Health Care Subsidy Program. Democrats want to increase health care (health insurance) subsidies, which expire on December 31, 2025. It started in 2021 under Covid Relief and was extended till 2025 in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. Without it, health insurance premiums for 24 million Americans would increase by an average of 114%. This average is $888 annually in 2025, which will increase to $1904 annually in 2026. Democrats say they will pass a CR only if the subsidies are extended for 2 years and the Medicaid cuts made in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of July 2025 are reversed. He blocked Republican CR 14 times in the Senate.
3. Republicans’ stand: They say pass clean CR, health care will be discussed later. Trump said, ‘Democrats are holding Americans hostage, end the filibuster.’ Republicans have 53 seats in the Senate, but need 60 votes, so Democrats are needed.

Apart from this, the shutdown has been described as an ‘unprecedented opportunity’ to cut agencies. Attempts have been made to fire thousands of federal workers. In the mayoral elections held on November 5, 2025, Republicans lost in New Jersey and Virginia, which Trump blamed on the shutdown. In polls, 78% of Americans (including 59% of Republicans) want subsidy extension.

Question 3- What is the impact of the shutdown in America?
answer- According to the October 29 report of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), a loss of $ 11 billion (about Rs 1 lakh crore) has been incurred so far. If the shutdown does not end soon, real GDP growth will decline by 1-2% points in the fourth quarter of the financial year 2025-26. Most will be recovered, but the permanent loss will range from $7 billion to $14 billion.

• Impact on Food Stamps (SNAP): This is a government assistance program that helps low-income families and individuals in the United States purchase nutritious food. So that the lower middle class families get good food and do not face starvation. People who are eligible for these stamps receive an electronic card that they use to purchase food at grocery stores. Due to the shutdown, about 4.2 crore population will be deprived of food stamps. In November, people received only 65% ​​of the benefits, because USDA had only $6 billion, whereas $8 billion was needed.
• Impact on flights and air travel: From 7th November i.e. today, 10% flight reduction started at 40 major airports because air traffic controllers got tired of working without salary. After the shutdown, there has been a 4% cut, then 6%, 8% and now 10%. United Airlines has canceled many flights.
• Bad effect on employees: About 7.5 lakh government employees are on leave without salary. Essential employees like army, police, border security and air traffic controllers have to work without salary. According to CBO, the employees sent on forced leave are losing about $400 million (Rs 3,300 crore) in salary per day. CBO Director Philip Swagel said the shutdown is delaying government spending and has a negative impact on the economy.
• Impact on Atomic Weapons Agency: The National Nuclear Security Agency has sent 1,400 employees on leave. Energy Secretary Chris Wright said two weeks ago that this had never happened before and could affect the security of nuclear weapons.

Question 4- Then when can the shutdown in America end?
answer- Currently, there is a condition of filibuster in the US Parliament, through which MPs can deliberately prolong the debate on a bill, so that voting on it gets delayed or cannot be done at all. In the US Senate, there is a process called ‘Clotter’ to end the debate and voting on any proposal. For this, support of at least 60 out of 100 senators is required. For this reason Trump’s funding bill is stuck. The opposition uses this rule only to stop the law from being passed, no matter how important the issue is. The purpose of the filibuster is to ensure that the minority party also gets the right to express its views in law making. No party should exercise dictatorship merely on the basis of its numbers.

Foreign affairs expert and retired JNU professor A. Of. Pasha says, ‘The shutdown in America can last a very long time because the Republicans and Democrats are face to face. The internal condition of America has become very bad. Due to Trump’s policies, participation in wars and fanaticism, America’s treasury is on the verge of becoming empty. The shutdown is just a curtain behind which Trump is hiding his shortcomings and losses. They are not able to tell the American people that this America is no longer a superpower like before. They are entangling people in enmity with China and Russia and the poor and middle class people there are facing problems.

Question 5- Is India also being affected by the American shutdown?
answer- A. Of. Pasha says, ‘Trump has put pressure on India to import food products, which he is continuously increasing. Trump wants American dairy products, grains, crops and meat to be sold in India. The Indian government should buy from America instead of its own farmers, so that America starts earning. As America is losing money due to the shutdown, India is also being affected. Trump is upset that people inside the country are not following his rules and other countries have also started ignoring him.

New York, the city that never sleeps in the world. Where dreams are sold and struggles are won. On November 4, when long queues formed at Matzaan centres, the city was electing its 111th mayor. As soon as the results came, one name echoed – Zohran Kwame Mamdani. This 34-year-old young MLA not only defeated former Governor Andrew Cuomo, but also left behind Trump’s Republican Party’s Curtis Sliwa. Zoharan became the first Muslim mayor of the world’s largest and richest city. Zoharan is multi-religious, that is, father Mahmood Mamdani is Muslim, mother Mira Nair is Hindu and wife Kayla Santosuosso is American Christian. Therefore, by winning the mayor election, Zoharan has taught India a big lesson.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer how a Muslim became the mayor of a Christian-Jewish city, how big a thing it is to become the mayor of New York and what India can learn from Zoharan’s victory…

Question 1- How big is Zohran Mamdani’s victory in New York City and how was it achieved?
answer- New York is not just a city, but it is the economic engine of America. New York’s GDP in 2024 was more than 2.32 trillion. If we consider it as a country, it would be the 13th largest economy in the world. The city is a hub of finance, healthcare, tech, biotechnology, real estate and insurance.

There is Wall Street in New York, where global trade takes place. The policies here affect the national markets. One decision of the Mayor can change the business practice of the entire country. The headquarters of the United Nations (UN) is in New York, which talks about world peace. The population of this city is about 88 lakhs, of which 37% are immigrants. Mamdani’s victory is historic for progressives, as he is the first South Asian, first Muslim and the youngest mayor (34 years) since 1892.

Zohran Mamdani got victory due to these 4 big reasons…

1. Inflation issue: Mamdani focused on only one thing in the entire campaign that New York has become very expensive. He said that the job of the government is to make people’s lives easier. Slogans written on the banners put up in his rallies were to build a city that we can afford and build affordable houses.
2. Direct connection with the public: Most of the time in politics things are said in a twisted manner, but Mamdani spoke very clearly. He openly said that tax the rich, increase child care and make housing a right. Mamdani said in the campaign, ‘This city belongs to the workers, not to the 1% rich.’
3. Correct use of internet: Mamdani did not get the support of big leaders of the party, but he took the help of the public and the internet. They held scavenger hunts, football tournaments, and late-night pop-up events at LGBTQ bars. According to the New York Times, he broke all the old rules and built relationships directly with people.
4. Focus on youth workers: Mamdani increased the number of volunteers. The youth included in his campaign team are even younger than him. Most had little experience of working on such a large scale. But they proved to be more capable and effective than ordinary advisors and strategists.

Question 2- Zoharan’s multi-religious image, then how did he become the mayor of a Christian-Jewish city?
answer- Zoharan was born on 18 October 1991 in Kampala, Uganda. His father Mahmood Mamdani is a renowned academic, born in a Gujarati Muslim family in Mumbai. Mother Meera Nair was born in a Hindu Brahmin family in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. He is a famous film director, who has made films like ‘Salaam Bombay’, ‘Monsoon Wedding’ and ‘Kama Sutra’. Whereas Zoharan’s wife is a Christian. Zoharan had a civil marriage in 2024 without religious rituals. Zoharan had said in an interview, ‘My family keeps religion private, but allows culture to breathe.’

Zoharan is a Shia Muslim, but he has become the mayor of a Christian-dominated city. According to the Pew Research Center report, New York has a 57% Christian population, of which 32% are Catholic Christians and 25% are Protestant Christians. Jews are 11%, Muslims are 9% and atheists are 25%. Still, 59% Christian voters supported Mamdani’s victory, because here voting is not on religion but on issues. Mamdani’s victory is a slap to those who weaponize religion. Cuomo made ‘Islamophobic attacks’ on Mamdani, but voters rejected. This shows that unity in diversity is possible. A Muslim mayor, who will work for everyone. Mamdani said in the victory speech, ‘I am a Muslim, but I am a mayor for the people.’

According to CBS News, Mamdani received 50.4% of the votes until 91% of the votes were counted. After him, independent candidate Cuomo got 41.6% votes, while Republican candidate Curtis Sliwa got 7% ​​votes. Mamdano received more than 1 million votes, which no New York mayoral candidate had received since 1969. More than 20 lakh people voted in this election, which is double as compared to the previous election. This clearly shows that being a Muslim candidate does not matter, but the issues matter.

Question 3- How did Mamdani win despite the threats of US President Donald Trump?
answer- Trump tried hard to defeat Mamdani. Trump also threatened that if Mamdani won the election, New York’s federal funding would be cut. But Mamdani replied that these were threats, not laws. That is, despite the threat of the world’s most powerful President, the people of New York chose Mamdani, because New York is the bastion of democracy. Mamdani was born in Uganda and New York is populated by immigrants. Mamdani also benefited from this.

After Mamdani’s victory on November 5, Trump wrote on the social media platform Truth – ‘And now it has started.’

Question 4- What lesson does India learn from Zohran Mamdani’s victory?
answer- Dr. Rajan Kumar, foreign affairs expert and JNU professor, says, ‘The politics of India and America are completely different. There are more immigrants in New York, that is, people from different countries have come and settled. They focus on grassroots issues instead of religious politics. They want a leader who fulfills their daily needs and not one who divides on religion. Zoharan promised to solve grassroots issues, due to which he became mayor.

Dr. Rajan Kumar further says, ‘India should learn the politics of development from the New York elections. The youth of India wants development, wants jobs, wants low inflation and cheap things and is troubled by the corporate culture. If politicians contest elections on these issues then development like New York can happen here too. Today’s youth does not see temples and mosques, they see facilities. But the real thing is that the reins of the country are in the hands of old politicians and they want to do politics of religion. The real thing or the bitter truth is that Mamdani’s victory will have no impact in India, because no one here wants to learn from Mamdani’s victory.

‘Terrorists attacked in Pahalgam. Within 20 days of this, they entered Pakistan and carried out Operation Sindoor. If Pakistan dares again, they will respond to the bullets with cannon balls. We will teach a lesson to Pakistanis with the cannon balls made in the factory in Bihar.

On November 4, Home Minister Amit Shah said these words in a meeting in Bettiah, Bihar. This is not the first time that votes were sought by targeting Pakistan or Muslims in election rallies. Terrorism flourished in Pakistan, which is true. But BJP always asks for votes with the help of this and also wins the elections. Believe it, without Muslims, Aurangzeb, Mughals or Pakistan, BJP will not get votes.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer why BJP’s soft target is Muslims-Pakistan, will the lotus not bloom without these issues and what will be its impact in Bihar elections…

Question 1- How did BJP raise the issue of Muslims, Pakistan and Mughals in the election rallies of Bihar?
answer- BJP’s focus in Bihar 2025 elections has been on security and identity, where Pakistan became a ‘symbol of terror’, Muslims ‘infiltrators’ and Mughals ‘historical enemies’.

• During the election rally in Bettiah on 4 November, Amit Shah said, ‘Rahul Gandhi had visited here a few days ago. This journey was to save the infiltrators. They may try as much as they want, but we will drive out each and every infiltrator.
• On November 3, Prime Minister Narendra Modi held an election rally in Katihar, Bihar. PM Modi said, ‘Be it Congress or RJD, they are only interested in infiltrators. These people undertake political tours to save infiltrators. Tell me whether you will decide the future of Bihar or the infiltrators will decide it. These infiltrators are occupying your property and taking over your resources. Bihar has to be saved from infiltrators. We are working to remove these infiltrators.
• On October 31, Union Minister Jitan Ram Manjhi, while addressing an election rally in Vaishali, Bihar, said, ‘PM Modi can destroy Pakistan in 5 hours, but he does not do so because the people of Pakistan were also once a part of India.’
• On October 30, PM Modi held an election rally in Muzaffarpur and Chhapra in Bihar. He said, ‘When the blasts were taking place in Pakistan, the ‘royal family’ of the party lost its sleep. Both the notables of Pakistan and Congress have not yet emerged from Operation Sindoor.
• On October 21, Amit Shah said in Siwan, ‘Rahul Gandhi is undertaking a yatra to save the infiltrators. They want infiltrators to be allowed to stay in the country. Right now the elections have thrown out the infiltrators through SIR. Once NDA forms the government, BJP will throw out each and every infiltrator.
• On October 19, in Arwal, Bihar, Union Minister Giriraj Singh described Muslims as ‘Namak Haram’ in an election rally. He said, ‘People of the Muslim community also take advantage of the schemes of the Central Government, but they do not vote for Prime Minister Narendra Modi, due to which they do not feel obliged. We don’t need such salt bastards.

Not only this, BJP also took the help of Mughals in the election rally in Bihar in 2020. In the election rally in Bhagalpur on 28 October 2020, Amit Shah had said, ‘Mughals tortured Hindus during Aurangzeb’s rule. Today RJD is running Jungle Raj, like Aurangzeb’s dictatorship. Save Hindu pride by voting for NDA.

Question 2- Why does BJP capitalize on the issues of Pakistan, Muslims and Mughals in elections?
answer- The core of BJP’s strategy is Hindutva – an ideological framework that places Hindu identity at the center of nationalism. Political scientist Vinay Sitapati in his book ‘Jugalbandi: The BJP before Modi’ He writes, ‘BJP uses these issues to unite Hindus, because Hindu population is around 80%, but caste-based division scatters them. Creating fear of national security by portraying Pakistan as a source of terror, capitalizing on minority fears by calling Muslims as infiltrators and evoking a sense of historical injustice by portraying the Mughals as foreign tyrants, all these strengthen the Hindu vote bank.

Human Rights Watch’s 2024 report ‘India: Hate speech fueled Modi’s election campaign’ It is written that BJP shared an animated video calling Muslims ‘infiltrators’ in the 2024 Lok Sabha, which received 1.6 million views. Their aim was to consolidate Hindu votes by blaming the opposition for ‘Muslim appeasement’.

Time magazine’s 2023 report ‘How India’s BJP is weaponizing history against Muslims’ Experts say that making Mughals villains is BJP’s way of promoting Hindu nationalism. Like the demolition of Babri Masjid in 1992, which was associated with the Mughal emperor Babar.

Political expert Rashid Kidwai says, ‘This strategy is more clearly visible in Bihar. In the 2020 Bihar elections, BJP gave the slogan of ’80 vs 20’ i.e. 80% Hindus vs 20% Muslims. Due to this, Yogi Adityanath collected votes in UP. BJP rewrites history to target present-day Muslims by portraying the Mughals as ‘anti-Hindu’. This is vote bank politics, which attracts Hindu votes through fear and anger.

Question 3- Is there any historical background for BJP doing politics on polarizing issues?
answer- BJP has its roots in the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), formed in 1925, which is based on Hindu nationalism. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’s 2019 report ‘The BJP in Power: Indian Democracy and Religious Nationalism’ According to , the RSS always considered Muslims ‘separate from Indianness’, because the 1947 partition was for them ‘the defeat of Hindu unity’. BJP, formed in 1980, started the Ram Mandir movement in the 1990s, in which the Ram Janmabhoomi was built by demolishing the mosque of Mughal emperor Babar.

Asia Times 2024 report ‘BJP’s anti-Muslim rhetoric has deep, dark historical roots’ According to the BJP, the BJP considers Pakistan a symbol of ‘Muslim separatism’, which is linked to the ‘two-nation theory’ of the Muslim League of the 1940s.

National Herald’s 2017 report ‘Why is the BJP targeting the Mughals’ It was said that BJP arouses Hindu pride by branding the Mughals as ‘foreign invaders’ because it is easier than talking about real issues like unemployment and poverty.

‘Aurangzeb: The Man and the Myth’ According to Andre Truschke, an expert who has written the book, BJP attacks present-day Muslims by making Aurangzeb ‘anti-Hindu’. This is a ‘dog whistle’, which gives signal to hate speech. Professor Ramchandra Guha in his book ‘After Gandhi’ He writes that in the 1980-90s, BJP converted communal riots into votes, like the Babri riots of 1992.

Today it spreads on social media. In 2024, videos on BJP’s Instagram calling Muslims ‘heirs of Muslim League’ went viral. In the 2020 Bihar elections, BJP mentioned ‘Pakistani flag’ along with ‘Jungle Raj’. The Print’s 2025 report ‘Mutton, Mughal, Muslim: Modi is showing the opposition as un-Hindu’ According to , BJP consolidates Hindu votes by terming the opposition as having ‘Mughal mentality’. This is always because promises of development do not last, but fear always works.

Question 4- Does BJP completely ignore Muslims or is there a soft strategy?
answer- No. BJP does not target ‘Pasmanda’ i.e. OBC Muslims. In 2019, BJP won 3 Pasmanda out of 27 Muslim MPs. The Diplomat’s 22 November 2022 report ‘How and Why, the BJP Sometimes Courts Muslim Voters’ According to, BJP in UP woos Pasmanda in the name of ‘social justice’. But overall Indian Express report 2024 ‘Why is the BJP shy away from fielding Muslim candidates’ According to , BJP fields less Muslim candidates because the chances of winning are less.

scroll.in’s 14 December 2023 report ‘The BJP and the Muslim Voter’ According to BJP shows ‘inclusivity’ to Sufis and Pasmandas, but never leaves Hindutva.

Question 5- Does BJP benefit from this, if yes then how much?
answer- Yes. In the 2020 Bihar elections, BJP-NDA won 125 seats with 43.17% vote share, while the Grand Alliance won 110 seats with 38.75% vote share. According to Al Jazeera, polarization in Muslim areas like Seemanchal resulted in BJP getting 4/18 seats. Voting is still left in 2025, but the issue of infiltrator is spreading and working in Bihar. Giriraj Singh’s Hindu Swabhiman Yatra has increased polarization.

Rashid Kidwai says, BJP benefits from 80-20 split. But there are some limitations because it drives away tribal voters. Yet in 2019, BJP had won majority in the Lok Sabha with 31% votes and polarization had increased the votes by more than 5%. Now BJP can benefit from this in the coming elections also. But the margin of victory and defeat may remain less.