Dr. Umar Nabi was driving the i20 car in which the blast took place near the Red Fort in Delhi. Umar’s DNA has matched with his mother’s DNA. The investigation teams found Umar’s teeth, bones, pieces of blood-stained clothes and part of his leg, which was stuck between the steering wheel and the accelerator, from the car. Till now, a total of 12 terrorists have been arrested in this case, out of which 6 terrorists are doctors. That means now ‘white collar terror’ is spreading in India. Its biggest advantage is that no one can even imagine that the doctors who save lives will turn out to be harboring terrorists.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer who is Dr. Umar who blew himself up in the car, why only doctors were chosen for the Delhi blasts and who is behind the ‘White Collar Terror’…

Question 1- Who was Dr. Umar Nabi involved in the Delhi car blast?
answer- Dr. Umar Nabi was born in Sambura village of Pulwama district of Jammu and Kashmir. He was a medical professional. He became a doctor after completing MBBS from Government Medical College (GMC), Srinagar in 2017. Umar’s family describes him as an introvert, who did not have many friends and always focused on studies. Omar’s cousin Wasim Ahangar told the media, ‘The things that are being said about Umar are very shocking.’

Umar was born in 1993. An elder brother is a plumber and the younger brother is studying. There is also a sister, who is married. Umar was working as a senior doctor or assistant professor at Al-Falah University Hospital in Faridabad, Haryana. According to reports, Umar was engaged to a girl from Srinagar and was going to get married after some time.

Question 2- Was the Delhi blast a suicide attack or a hasty explosion?
answer- From October 30, Umar switched off his mobile phone and did not even go to teach at the university. On November 8, Umar got scared when 2,900 kg of ammonium nitrate was recovered from Dr. Muzammil and Maulvi from Faridabad. He hid in Wahdhouj village itself. On 10th November he took a car and came to Delhi. After this, a car blast took place in Delhi on 10 November.

But now there can be 4 scenarios…

• Scenario 1- Blast occurred in haste: According to reports, Umar’s remaining associates were caught and he was the leader of this module. Frightened by the raids one after another, he brought the car to Delhi. The bomb exploded inadvertently while hiding or transporting the car.
• Scenario 2- Deliberate blast: Umar planned the blast after the arrest of his associates. He hastily made a makeshift detonator and deliberately triggered it. Jaish-e-Mohammed radicals support it.
• Scenario 3- Mechanical or Technical Fault: The blast occurred due to wiring or chemical reaction. The car was moving in traffic and its vibration suppressed the detonator. The forensic team said that it was a hastily assembled device. But the panic factor weakens this scenario.
• Scenario 4- Another man instigated the explosion: When Umar reached Delhi, he parked the car in the parking lot of Sunehri Masjid near Red Fort. The car remained parked here for 3 hours. In such a situation, it is possible that someone came to meet Umar and triggered the blast.

However, any of these scenarios may or may not be true. Retired Lieutenant General of the Indian Army Satish Dua says, ‘No official information has come out about this yet nor has any group taken responsibility for it. Whenever there is a suicide attack, some organization takes responsibility for it.

Police had expressed apprehension that the terrorists involved in the Delhi blasts had not one but two cars. On Wednesday, another car, red Eco Sport, was also seized from Faridabad. Other than this Delhi blast There were 3 big revelations in…

1. Reiki of Red Fort was done in January 2025: Mobile dump data of the arrested accused revealed that Dr. Muzammil Ghani, an assistant professor arrested from Faridabad’s Al Falah University, and Dr. Umar Nabi, who was allegedly killed in the blast, had conducted recce of the Red Fort several times in January. Both of them had understood the security there and the crowd pattern. Police suspect that the terrorists had planned to attack the Red Fort on January 26, which failed.
2. There was a plan to attack Delhi on 6 December: Omar wanted to attack Delhi on 6 December, but the plan got spoiled due to the arrest of Muzammil. This came to light during the interrogation of 8 accused. The center of this interstate module was in Faridabad. There are 6 doctors among the arrested terrorists. Another suspect, Dr. Nisar, a resident of Srinagar, is absconding. He is also the president of the Doctors Association of Kashmir, who was teaching in Al-Falah. Jammu and Kashmir government has dismissed Dr. Nisar.
3. Ghani was collecting explosives by pretending to be a sack of fertilizer: Kashmiri Dr. Muzammil Ghani, working at Al-Falah University, Faridabad, was storing explosive material in a rented room by pretending to be fertilizer sacks. 20 days ago, Muzammil had come to the room to keep some sacks, when the neighbors had asked him what was in it? In response, Muzammil had said that these were fertilizer bags, which had to be taken to Kashmir.

Question 3- Why were doctors chosen for the Delhi blasts?
answer- The white collar module was based on highly educated individuals who leveraged their professional identities to handle funding, logistics and radicalization. The objective of the module was to plan attacks in big cities like Delhi, Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Mumbai. Actually, becoming a doctor is the biggest dream of Kashmiri people. In such a situation, if these doctors are made pawns, then the work becomes less and easier. According to experts,

• The professional identity of doctors makes them respected and doubt-free. He could easily hide explosives, weapons and chemicals while working in hospitals and universities.
• The doctors made Al-Falah University their base, where about 40% of the doctors are Kashmiris.
• It is easy to radicalize educated youth. Campuses are made recruitment hubs, where contacts are made on Telegram in the name of charity and relief work. The women’s wing ‘Jamaat-ul-Mominat’ was established by doctors.
• White collar members could plan major attacks. He used to raise funds from charitable fronts, which diverts the attention of investigating agencies. These were used as ‘sleeper cells’.
• Earlier engineers were targeted, but now doctors are targeted because they follow the pattern of global jihad. They are not unemployed but ideologically motivated.

Out of the 12 terrorists involved in this blast, 6 are doctors, which include names like Dr. Muzammil Shakeel, Dr. Shaheen Shahid, Dr. Adil Ahmed, Dr. Sajjad Ahmed, Dr. Parvez Ansari and Dr. Tajamul Ahmed Malik.

Question 4- Were the Delhi blasts linked to Jaish-e-Mohammed?
answer- The investigating agencies have recovered the diaries of Dr. Omar and Dr. Muzammil. The dates of 8th to 12th November are recorded in these. This revealed that such an incident was being planned. The diary also contained names of about 25 people, most of whom were residents of Jammu and Kashmir and Faridabad. These diaries were recovered from Dr. Umar’s room number 4 and Muzammil’s room number 13 on Tuesday and Wednesday. Police have recovered a diary from Muzammil’s room.

Code words were written in the diaries of Umar and Muzammil, these are being decoded. The agencies are also investigating whether different vehicles were being prepared for the blasts. Investigative agencies said on Thursday that about 8 suspects were preparing to carry out blasts at four locations. A group of 2-2 people was given the target of blast in one big city.

The investigators of the diaries of Omar and Muzammil have revealed that the terrorists of Doctor Terror module associated with Jaish-e-Mohammed had planned blasts at 6 places in Delhi on 6 December. These people had planned to attack in August, but after the operation was delayed, a new date was chosen – 6 December, which is the anniversary of the demolition of Babri Masjid. During interrogation, members of the Doctor terrorist module told that they had planned to carry out serial blasts in 5 different phases.

1. Creating a terrorist module linked to Jaish-Ghazwat ul Hind.
2. Buying raw materials for making explosives.
3. Making IED and recceing the target.
4. Delivering explosives to the module members.
5. To carry out blasts at 5 to 6 places.

This shows that this attack is related to Jaish. Apart from this, on October 19, Dr. Adil had put up a poster in Naugaon, Jammu and Kashmir, which had the name of Jaish-e-Mohammed. In this poster, local shopkeepers were warned not to have any connection with the army or any central agency, nor to do any deal. The security agencies were alert to this.

,The blisters of the heart got burnt due to the scars on the chest,
This house caught fire from the house lamp…’

urdu poet mahtab rai copper This famous couplet is about Pakistan and its Army Chief Asim Munir But fits well. Now you will think why so? So let us tell you that Asim Munir By amending the Constitution of Pakistan, all three Army Has taken the command and button of the atomic bomb in his hands. on 10th November Senate And on November 11, the lower house approved the bill. Asim Munir His speeches are full of religious words and references. Munir ideology of Pakistani Army It has penetrated so deeply that they have created their own imaginary enemies. This may or may not cause harm to any other country, but it will destroy Pakistan itself.

so come A.B.P. explainer I understand that Asim Munir What changes did Pakistan make in the Constitution, how powerful did Pakistan become? Army How else will the Chief sink with Pakistan…

Question 1- Pakistani Army In CDF What is the position of and how powerful is it?,
answer- Still Chief of Pakistan defense forces ,CDF) There was no post named. this particular Asim Munir For woven going. Along with this, the current chairman joint Chiefs Off Staff Committee (CJCSC, The post of will be abolished on 27 November 2025. CDF He will be the head of all three armies…

• CDF After becoming the Army Chief (COAS) entire military services army, navy And air force But you will get constitutional rights.
• With this, for the first time the post of Army Chief will be permanently recorded in the Constitution as the supreme military power.
• So far CJCSC Used to create mutual coordination between the three armies. while the real power Army Chief used to have, but now both things CDF Will be near.
• army to the chief CDF Will also be given the post of. On the advice of the President and Prime Minister CDF Forces Will appoint.
• NSC a new one named command Will be made. It is called nuclear weapons and missiles Of control Will be given. Prime Minister is responsible for this In place of CDF Will be near.

Question 2- Asim Munir To CDF what happened to make,
answer- Shahbaz The government is making changes in the constitution for this. The bill related to this will be passed in the upper house of the Parliament i.e. on November 10. Senate I passed. 64 votes were cast in its favor, while the opposition walkout Did it.

• Pakistani News website ARYA News According to, on November 11, the lower house i.e. National assembly This bill was introduced in, which was passed. But it will be presented again after making some amendments. It is expected to be passed again.
• This bill is being considered as the biggest and controversial proposal in the history of Pakistan. It is being said that this will change both the justice system and military structure of the country. The Constitution of Pakistan is of 1973, in which the 27th amendment is now going on.
• National is a very special part of the 27th constitutional amendment. strategic command ,NSC, Formation of. it command Pakistan’s nuclear weapons and missile system monitoring and control Will do.
• Pakistani Newspaper don In the report of expert It has been quoted that this will make the army in the country more powerful. The ongoing amendment to the Constitution will permanently enshrine the rights of the Army in the Constitution.
• Any future civilian government will not be able to easily reverse these changes. This means that in practice the role of ‘President’s Supreme Commander’ will remain only formal.

Question 3- Asim Munir For CDF How important is the post of,
answer- of India in May 2025 operation after vermilion Munir To field Marshall Got the honor of. This was the second such post of Pakistan. first in 1959 Ayub Khan had given himself. President Asif Ali Zardari and prime minister Shahbaz Sharif of Islamabad President This title was given in the House on 20 May 2025. But field marsh This title was constitutionally unsafe. Hence the issue of 27th amendment arose.

• pakistan newspaper don According to, this amendment Asim Munir to not only lifetime privilege gives them, rather COAS together with CDS Also assigns the post of. Law Minister Azam Nazir Tarar by Senate said in, ,this title lifelong Is of. like in other countries Marshall of the air Force or Admiral of the Fleet It happens., it Munir It is very important for them because on 28th November they retire Are going to happen. In such a situation, if I get this post, then They lifelong retire Will not happen.
• The don Of according toThe task of weakening the Supreme Court was carried out by former military ruler General Zia.ul-Haq and Parvez Musharraf Now the elected Parliament is going to do the work which powerful people could not do in their times. This amendment will prove that Parliament has the power to change everything. Also, if she wants, she can break the backbone of the judiciary.
• Asim Munir Lived on-ul-are considered the rightful heirs of the right, because they Pakistani Army I talk about jihad. They Pakistani Army To islamic Army Want to make.

Question 4- The reason for all this happening is only Munir Is there sympathy for or something else?,
answer- experts According to, this amendment is the result of military-political alliance. Shahbaz Sharif government it ,modernization, told, but Story India-Pakistan are in conflict in May 2025. operation Pakistan claimed victory after Sindoor, this Munir of position Got stronger. Although, internal reports Had called it a failure.

politically Imran Khan’s political party pakistan movement-e-Insaf (PTI) Army support was necessary to suppress it. Imran are in jail and PTI An attempt was made to declare it a criminal organization. The alliance gathered majority for the amendment. Bilawal Bhutto said, ,We Article Will support military change of 243, but freedom in our province Roll back No.,

America remained silent at the international level. Trump the administration Munir To support did, but in the US Congress republican Who Wilson And democrat jimmy Paneta by ,pakistan democracy act, introduced, which Munir Attempts to ban. still Sudi arab and West with asia Munir Of defense pact Made it easy.

Question 5- What? Munir Giving immense power to Pakistan will be a problem for Pakistan only.,
answer- foreign affairs expert and JNU retired from professor A. Of. Pasha According to, this amendment can prove fatal for Pakistan in the long run. Al Jazeera report said, ,This will give permanent dominance to the army, which will weaken democracy., Other than this…

• institutional imbalance, east of pakistan defense secretary Asif Yaseen Malik That said, it seems to be built for a single person, not to strengthen the defense structure. navy And Air Dissatisfaction may increase in the force, leading to internal rebellion or weak coordination.
• end of democracy, movement-A-Tahafuj n-e-Pakistan (TTAP, Declared nationwide protests on 9 November. Akhund On Jiya’s poster ,Long liv Democracy, down with Dictatorship, wrote. This will increase political instability and cause more damage to the already struggling economy.
• threat of nuclear risk, nuclear command to depend on one person miscalculation Will increase. This will lead to India or afghanistan Tension may deepen with. Munir of ambition Will promote personal decisions.
• Munir to destroy pakistan, History is witness to this Ayub Khan (1958), Zia-ul-Haq (1977) and Parvez Musharraf (1999) destabilized military power. Munir Greed for power can lead to economic crisis, corruption and rebellion. This civil-military This will make the imbalance permanent, which will hollow out Pakistan from within.

According to intelligence and defense sources of New Delhi, India has created 3 new military posts on the Bangladesh border. These posts have been made at Bamuni in Dhubri, Assam, Kishanganj in Bihar and Chopra in West Bengal. India is now increasing its closeness with Pakistan, the enemy country which had liberated Bangladesh 54 years ago. After Mohammad Yunus takes power in Bangladesh in 2024, relations with India are worsening day by day. Not only this, on November 9, after 54 years, a warship reached the coast of Bangladesh, which is Pakistan’s PNS Saif.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer how India-Bangladesh relations broke down, why Yunus is supporting Pakistan and whether something big is going to happen…

Question 1- How has India helped Bangladesh in the last 54 years?
answer- Today’s Bangladesh was once East Pakistan. Fed up with the atrocities of the Pakistani Army and the discrimination of the government there, the rebellion started. Bangladesh was formed by defeating Pakistan on 16 December 1971 with the help of Indian Army. In the last 7 decades, India was always ready to help its new neighbour. Even after suffering losses many times…

• In 1996, the two countries signed a ‘Ganga Water Sharing’ treaty for the Ganges River, which was essential for Bangladesh’s agricultural and water needs.
• In 2006, India took a unilateral decision, after which all goods from Bangladesh except cigarettes and liquor come to India at zero tariff. People of Bangladesh buy fabric from China and make clothes and send it to India. This causes problems to India’s local industry. Despite this he has got this facility.
• From 2010 to 2020, India gave a line of credit of about 8 billion dollars i.e. about 68 thousand crore rupees. Invested in 17 projects like roads, railways and ports.
• In 2015, under the Land Boundary Agreement, both the countries divided 162 small areas, which ended the border dispute. In this, India gave 10 thousand acres more land to Bangladesh.
• During Covid in 2021, India gave 33 lakh Covishield vaccines to Bangladesh free of cost and also sent medicines and equipment for hospitals.
• In 2022-23, there was trade between the two countries worth 12.2 billion dollars i.e. about Rs 1.4 lakh crore. It contains most of the daily needs items.
• From 2023, India will send 2 thousand MW electricity to Bangladesh every day. Apart from this, diesel will be supplied to Bangladesh through India-Bangladesh Friendship Pipeline from 2023.
• India had given a grant of Rs 120 crore to Bangladesh for 2024-25. Apart from this, India has given a total line of credit of about Rs 66 thousand crores, out of which a large amount was spent on infrastructure projects.
• Even in 2025, India retained a grant of Rs 120 crore. Apart from this, India provided funding to 77 small projects under High Impact Community Development Projects (HICDPs).

Question 2- How did the attitude of Bangladesh change after the government of Mohammad Yunus?
answer- After the rebellion in Bangladesh in August 2024, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina had to flee the country and took refuge in India. An interim government was formed in Bangladesh and Mohammad Yunus became its head. India-Bangladesh relations were very strong during the time of Sheikh Hasina, but after that the anti-India activities of Bangladesh increased…

1. Bangladesh increased its closeness to Pakistan

• Muhammad Yunus visited Pakistan in September and December 2024 and talked about strengthening relations by forgetting grudges.
• Mohammad Yunus government abolished visa security clearance for Pakistanis.
• Direct maritime connectivity between Pakistan and Bangladesh was started in November 2024.
• According to The Tribune report, the Yunus government had ordered ammunition to Pakistan, which included more than 40 thousand rounds of ammunition and 2,900 RDX of 40 tonnes.
• On October 24, 2025, Pakistan’s Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee chief Shahid Shamshad Mirza reached Bangladesh. Mohammad Yunus gifted him the book ‘Art of Triumph’ containing the map of Greater Bangladesh.
• On November 8, Pakistani Navy Chief Admiral Naved Ashraf also reached Bangladesh on a four-day official visit.
• On November 8, Pakistani warship ‘PNS Saif’ reached Chittagong port of Bangladesh via the Bay of Bengal.

2. Bangladesh increased its closeness to China

• On 26-29 March 2025, Muhammad Yunus visited China and participated in the Boao Forum for Asia. He met Chinese leaders and signed many agreements.
• China will invest more than $1 billion in Bangladesh by 2025, which includes the development of Mongla port. This port is about 200 kilometers away from Kolkata, which increased India’s concerns.
• China announced to donate 4 hospitals, robotic physiotherapy center and cardiac surgery vehicle to Bangladesh.
• China had announced funding of about Rs 3400 crore for the establishment of Industrial Economic Zone (CEIZ) and Mongla Port.
• On October 8, the Bangladesh government approved the purchase of 20 Chinese J-10CE fighter jets for $2.2 billion.
• On October 19, hundreds of people gathered near Shaheed Minar of Chittagong University in Bangladesh demanding implementation of the China-backed Teesta Master Plan. India is against this plan.

3. Bangladesh started showing eyes to India

• On 13 April 2025, the National Board of Revenue (NBR) of Bangladesh banned the import of yarn from India through Benapole, Bhomra, Banglabandha, Barimari and Sona Masjid land ports.
• Asif Nazrul, legal advisor to the interim government of Bangladesh, had said while replying to the Vijay Diwas tweet of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, ’16 December 1971 was the victory day of Bangladesh. India was just an ally, nothing more.
• Mohammad Yunus gifted the book Art of Triumph to many foreign guests. In the controversial map of ‘Greater Bangladesh’ made on this, the north-eastern areas of India have been described as part of Bangladesh.

Question 3- So now does India face a bigger threat from Bangladesh, which has built military posts?
answer- India created 3 new military posts to secure the Siliguri Corridor i.e. Chicken Neck. These are operationally ready and are the answer to the threat from China-Pak-Bangladesh alliance. Apart from this, India reactivated Kailashahar airbase in Tripura, so that the North-East can be kept an eye on.

Actually, Chicken Neck is located in the Indian state of West Bengal, which is 22 kilometers wide. Chicken Neck is very special from the security point of view of India, because it connects North-Eastern India with the western states. If this route is stopped in any way then the north-eastern states of India will be separated and the country will be divided into two parts. It is through this route that imports and exports are made to the north-eastern states of India.

Question 4- Then how can India teach a lesson to Bangladesh?
answer- According to foreign affairs expert and NEHU professor Prosenjit Biswas, India can teach a lesson to Bangladesh in 3 ways…

1. Creating economic pressure: In April 2025, India retaliated against Bangladesh and closed the trans-shipment facility, due to which Bangladesh suffered a loss of about Rs 6,500 crore annually. In May 2025, India imposed import restrictions on Bangladeshi yarn, rice and garments. In response, Bangladesh banned Indian products, but Bangladesh suffered more losses due to India’s trade surplus exceeding ($11 billion). In Budget 2025, India has planned to boost its textile industry so that Bangladesh’s garment market share can be snatched away. Similarly, India should put pressure on Bangladesh.
2. Increasing Tariff on Agricultural Products: India warned of increasing tariffs on Bangladesh’s agricultural products like jute, fish and tobacco. The increase in tariff will be a big blow to Bangladesh’s economy, because 16% of Bangladesh’s GDP comes from exports and India is the second largest export market.
3. Control over power supply: India supplies 2 MW electricity to Bangladesh, which is a major part of Bangladesh’s energy needs. India may reduce supplies or tighten payment terms. This may affect the industrial activities and life of Bangladesh.

Question 5- Will the relations between India and Bangladesh improve or worsen in future?
answer- On April 4, 2025, PM Modi and Mohammad Yunus met for the first time during the BIMSTEC Summit in Bangkok, Thailand. Modi said, ‘We want a positive relationship, but pay attention to the safety of Hindus and extremism.’ Yunus replied, ‘Send Hasina back, she is spreading falsehood.’ This meeting was limited to photos only, no agreement was reached.

Prosenjit Biswas says, ‘It is very difficult to improve relations between India and Bangladesh in 2026, because Bangladesh is coming closer to India’s enemy countries. At the same time, elections can be held in Bangladesh in April 2026. If Bangladesh Nationalist Party wins in this, relations with India will worsen. Bangladesh will stop all trade with India, blockage will start at Chicken Neck, India will completely bypass North-East and movement of goods will happen through Kaladan Port (Myanmar). Bangladesh will suffer the most because about 2 crore Bangladeshis will be unemployed and GDP will fall by 3.8%. But if Awami League comes to power then relations are expected to improve.

From your watch to Agni-6 missile… 95% of the essential rare earth minerals (REE) used in it are produced only by China. That means, if China stops giving REE, then neither the clock will run, nor the electric vehicle will run, nor will there be electricity, nor will American F-35 fighter jets be made. China has the highest number of REE in the world and India is at third place. Experts predict that by 2035, REEs will become so important that without them it will be impossible for any country to become a super power.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer what are Rare Earth Minerals, how China captured the minerals of the whole world and why no country can become a super power without them…

Question 1- What and how are rare earth minerals?
answer- Rare Earth Minerals (REE) are 17 special metals, which look like ordinary soil, but they are the lifeblood of today’s high-tech world. These are called ‘rare’ because they are found everywhere on earth, but it is very difficult and expensive to extract them in pure form. Only 1-2 grams of pure REE comes out from one ton of soil. By 2030, the world needs 140 million EVs, for which 4.9 lakh tonnes of REE will be required every year. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) report, these metals are the backbone of all technologies including green energy, defense and AI.

1. Holmium: This is the most powerful magnetic element in the world. It is used in laser devices, nuclear reactors and high-tech magnets.
2. Erbium: It gives off a pink glow, which is used in internet networks, medical lasers and colored glasses.
3. Thulium: It is the rarest mineral after lutetium, which is used in X-ray machines, laser surgery and mobile laser devices.
4. Europium: It produces bright red and blue light. It is used in LED screens, TV displays and currency notes.
5. Ytterbium: It evaporates very quickly. It is used in steel, quantum computing research and medical imaging.
6. Samarium: Magnets made from it do not lose their strength at high temperatures, due to which it is used in making headphones and nuclear weapons.
7. Gadolinium: It absorbs magnetic neutrons, due to which it is used for MRI machines, nuclear reactors and radar systems.
8. Terbium: Produces green light in TV-phones. LED screens, lighting, sensors and high temperature magnets are made from it.
9. Dysprosium: Produces white-yellow light and does not lose power in high temperatures. It is used in making nuclear reactors, hard disk drives and generators.
10. Lutetium: It is the heaviest and strongest among the 17 rare minerals. It is used in petroleum refineries, memory devices and killing cancer cells.
11. Scandium: It is the most special and very light among the 17 rare minerals. It is used in making rocket-helicopter frames, baseball bats and LEDs.
12. Yttrium: It is the most abundant rare mineral on Earth, from which radar systems, superconductors and camera lenses are made.
13. Cerium: Helps in oxidation in chemical reactions. It is used in glass polishing and electronics.
14. Lanthanum: Hydrogen is good at absorption, which makes superconductors and nuclear reactors.
15. Promethium: It radiates, hence is useful as a source of energy, which is used in nuclear research and thermoelectric generators.
16. Niobium: It has high superconductivity, due to which it is used in superconductors, aerospace and jet engines.
17. Tantalum: It does not rust and is not affected by acid. It is used in electronic, medical and aerospace.

Question 2- Which country has the highest number of REE in the world?
answer- China has all the 17 REEs in the world, but most of them are light REE (Nd, Pr, Ce) and heavy REE (Dy, Tb). The world’s largest mine is also in China, which was discovered in 1927. It has more than 57 million tonnes of REE reserves. According to USGS, China controls 70% of the world’s REE reserves and 95% of production. after this-

• Brazil has 21 million tons of REE.
• India is in third place, with 6.9 million tonnes of REE.
• Australia has 5.7 million tonnes of REE.
• Russia has 3.8 million tons of REE and Vietnam has 3.5 tons of REE.
• The US has 1.9 million tonnes of REE and Greenland has 1.5 million tonnes of REE.

Question 3- How did China capture 70% of the world’s REE reserves and 95% production?
answer- This is not a coincidence, but it was China’s 40 year old plan…

• 1980: China subsidized REE, relaxed environmental regulations and gave export tax rebates. China deliberately dropped REE prices by 70% so that countries including the US, Australia and India would stop REE mining. All the countries thought that when they can be imported at cheaper prices, then why spend more money doing mining.
• 1986-1992: Made Baotou ‘Rare Earth Capital’.
• 1990: Declared REE as a ‘strategic resource’ and banned foreign investment.
• 1999: America’s Mountain Pass Mine closed. The same situation happened in Australia and India also.
• 2010: Due to dispute with Japan, exports were stopped for 2 months, due to which REE prices increased by 500%.
• 2023: Tech export banned on NdPr, DyTb.
• 2024: Banned 7 heavy REE (Samarium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Lutetium, Scandium and Yttrium). It was made mandatory for companies exporting these elements to obtain a special export license, due to which the supply of REE was disrupted across the world.
• 2025: 5 and REE (Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Europium and Yttrium) were banned. Due to this, 12 minerals came under the control of China. Before using them, it became necessary to obtain export license from China.

China forced the rest of the world out of the market by lowering prices and then made everyone bow down by banning essential minerals. Today, China produces 270,000 tons of REE in 2025.

Question 4- Why does a country need REE to become a super power?
answer- A country needs REE to become a superpower because in the next 25 years, all the power in the world will be powered by this. Apart from this, in 2035, super power will be identified with weapons. The country which makes the most dangerous weapon will be called a super power. All dangerous weapons cannot be made without REE. For example, 417 kg of neodymium is required to make F-35 fighter jet, if China stops it then America’s Air Force will be destroyed in 18 months. India’s Agni-6 missile requires 9 kg of samarium-cobalt magnets. If China does not give, the 8,000 km range missile will remain on paper. An American submarine requires 4,200 kg of REE, if China did not supply it, not a single new submarine would be built. That means the country which controls REE will be called a super power.

REE is used extensively in our everyday life also. Imagine that one morning you wake up, your watch will not ring due to lack of REE, because there is 0.3 gram neodymium magnet in that small vibration motor. Your electric scooter will not start, because its motor contains 3 kg REE magnet. Lights will not be on in your house and schools because the wind turbine will not run, which requires 4 tons of REE magnets. Internet will not work on your phone, because 6G tower requires Yttrium. Even AI will not be able to work without China, because one AI data center requires 20 tons of REE (cooling and magnetic storage).

Question 5- What will India have to do to become a superpower by 2047?
answer- For India to become a superpower by 2047, complete control over REE is necessary. Today we import 95% of REE from China, but we have the third largest reserve in the world. According to the USGS 2025 report, our production is only 2,900 tonnes every year, which is not even 1% of China’s 270,000 tonnes.

According to experts, if we want to become the world leader in EV, defense and green energy by 2047, then in the next 22 years we will have to create the entire supply chain like China ourselves.

• The short-term target for 2030 is to increase production 10 times.
• IREL’s Odisha plant will have to be doubled to increase NdPr production to 450 tonnes by 2026 and 900 tonnes by 2030.
• GSI will have to explore 1,200 blocks by 2030-31. 195 are already running.
• The capacity of REPM plant in Visakhapatnam will be 3,000 kg per annum.

Today is the 38th day of the government shutdown in America that started on October 1. This is the longest shutdown in American history. Earlier, during the first term of President Donald Trump, government work was at a standstill for 35 days. Due to the shutdown, food supply to 42 million Americans has been stopped and millions of employees have been sent on leave. From November 7, flights were reduced by 10% at 40 airports including New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. The situation in America is worsening day by day because Trump does not want to spend on health insurance.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer why there was a shutdown in America, how the issue of health insurance became the reason for the shutdown and what impact it will have on India…

Question 1- What is the shutdown in America and when has it happened?
answer- America’s fiscal year, i.e. the year of expenditure, starts from October 1. In a way, this is the economic year of the government, in which it plans to spend its money and make the budget. Congress has to pass 12 appropriation bills by September 30, which provide money to run the government for the entire year. During this time the government decides where to invest money, like in army, health or education.

If the new budget is not passed by this date, the President does not sign it. Due to this, government work (non-essential) stops. This is called shutdown. There is money in the American treasury, but there is no legal permission to spend it. This is the 22nd funding gap and 11th complete shutdown since 1977. According to Congressional Research Service America-

• December 2018- 35 days
• February 2018- 1 day
• January 2018- 3 days
• September 2013- 16 days
• December 1995- 21 days
• November 1995- 5 days

Question 2- Why was there the longest shutdown ever in America?
answer- There are 3 big reasons for the continued shutdown…

1. Congress could not pass funding bill: Congress had to pass 12 appropriation bills by September 30, which would have provided money for FY2026 (October 1, 2025 to September 30, 2026). But no bill was passed. The House passed a ‘clean’ continuing resolution (CR) that would have extended funding until November 21, but it failed in the Senate because Democrats blocked it.
2. Obama takes a stand on health care subsidies: Both the major parties of America, Democrats and Republicans, are at loggerheads over the Obama Health Care Subsidy Program. Democrats want to increase health care (health insurance) subsidies, which expire on December 31, 2025. It started in 2021 under Covid Relief and was extended till 2025 in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. Without it, health insurance premiums for 24 million Americans would increase by an average of 114%. This average is $888 annually in 2025, which will increase to $1904 annually in 2026. Democrats say they will pass a CR only if the subsidies are extended for 2 years and the Medicaid cuts made in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of July 2025 are reversed. He blocked Republican CR 14 times in the Senate.
3. Republicans’ stand: They say pass clean CR, health care will be discussed later. Trump said, ‘Democrats are holding Americans hostage, end the filibuster.’ Republicans have 53 seats in the Senate, but need 60 votes, so Democrats are needed.

Apart from this, the shutdown has been described as an ‘unprecedented opportunity’ to cut agencies. Attempts have been made to fire thousands of federal workers. In the mayoral elections held on November 5, 2025, Republicans lost in New Jersey and Virginia, which Trump blamed on the shutdown. In polls, 78% of Americans (including 59% of Republicans) want subsidy extension.

Question 3- What is the impact of the shutdown in America?
answer- According to the October 29 report of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), a loss of $ 11 billion (about Rs 1 lakh crore) has been incurred so far. If the shutdown does not end soon, real GDP growth will decline by 1-2% points in the fourth quarter of the financial year 2025-26. Most will be recovered, but the permanent loss will range from $7 billion to $14 billion.

• Impact on Food Stamps (SNAP): This is a government assistance program that helps low-income families and individuals in the United States purchase nutritious food. So that the lower middle class families get good food and do not face starvation. People who are eligible for these stamps receive an electronic card that they use to purchase food at grocery stores. Due to the shutdown, about 4.2 crore population will be deprived of food stamps. In November, people received only 65% ​​of the benefits, because USDA had only $6 billion, whereas $8 billion was needed.
• Impact on flights and air travel: From 7th November i.e. today, 10% flight reduction started at 40 major airports because air traffic controllers got tired of working without salary. After the shutdown, there has been a 4% cut, then 6%, 8% and now 10%. United Airlines has canceled many flights.
• Bad effect on employees: About 7.5 lakh government employees are on leave without salary. Essential employees like army, police, border security and air traffic controllers have to work without salary. According to CBO, the employees sent on forced leave are losing about $400 million (Rs 3,300 crore) in salary per day. CBO Director Philip Swagel said the shutdown is delaying government spending and has a negative impact on the economy.
• Impact on Atomic Weapons Agency: The National Nuclear Security Agency has sent 1,400 employees on leave. Energy Secretary Chris Wright said two weeks ago that this had never happened before and could affect the security of nuclear weapons.

Question 4- Then when can the shutdown in America end?
answer- Currently, there is a condition of filibuster in the US Parliament, through which MPs can deliberately prolong the debate on a bill, so that voting on it gets delayed or cannot be done at all. In the US Senate, there is a process called ‘Clotter’ to end the debate and voting on any proposal. For this, support of at least 60 out of 100 senators is required. For this reason Trump’s funding bill is stuck. The opposition uses this rule only to stop the law from being passed, no matter how important the issue is. The purpose of the filibuster is to ensure that the minority party also gets the right to express its views in law making. No party should exercise dictatorship merely on the basis of its numbers.

Foreign affairs expert and retired JNU professor A. Of. Pasha says, ‘The shutdown in America can last a very long time because the Republicans and Democrats are face to face. The internal condition of America has become very bad. Due to Trump’s policies, participation in wars and fanaticism, America’s treasury is on the verge of becoming empty. The shutdown is just a curtain behind which Trump is hiding his shortcomings and losses. They are not able to tell the American people that this America is no longer a superpower like before. They are entangling people in enmity with China and Russia and the poor and middle class people there are facing problems.

Question 5- Is India also being affected by the American shutdown?
answer- A. Of. Pasha says, ‘Trump has put pressure on India to import food products, which he is continuously increasing. Trump wants American dairy products, grains, crops and meat to be sold in India. The Indian government should buy from America instead of its own farmers, so that America starts earning. As America is losing money due to the shutdown, India is also being affected. Trump is upset that people inside the country are not following his rules and other countries have also started ignoring him.

New York, the city that never sleeps in the world. Where dreams are sold and struggles are won. On November 4, when long queues formed at Matzaan centres, the city was electing its 111th mayor. As soon as the results came, one name echoed – Zohran Kwame Mamdani. This 34-year-old young MLA not only defeated former Governor Andrew Cuomo, but also left behind Trump’s Republican Party’s Curtis Sliwa. Zoharan became the first Muslim mayor of the world’s largest and richest city. Zoharan is multi-religious, that is, father Mahmood Mamdani is Muslim, mother Mira Nair is Hindu and wife Kayla Santosuosso is American Christian. Therefore, by winning the mayor election, Zoharan has taught India a big lesson.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer how a Muslim became the mayor of a Christian-Jewish city, how big a thing it is to become the mayor of New York and what India can learn from Zoharan’s victory…

Question 1- How big is Zohran Mamdani’s victory in New York City and how was it achieved?
answer- New York is not just a city, but it is the economic engine of America. New York’s GDP in 2024 was more than 2.32 trillion. If we consider it as a country, it would be the 13th largest economy in the world. The city is a hub of finance, healthcare, tech, biotechnology, real estate and insurance.

There is Wall Street in New York, where global trade takes place. The policies here affect the national markets. One decision of the Mayor can change the business practice of the entire country. The headquarters of the United Nations (UN) is in New York, which talks about world peace. The population of this city is about 88 lakhs, of which 37% are immigrants. Mamdani’s victory is historic for progressives, as he is the first South Asian, first Muslim and the youngest mayor (34 years) since 1892.

Zohran Mamdani got victory due to these 4 big reasons…

1. Inflation issue: Mamdani focused on only one thing in the entire campaign that New York has become very expensive. He said that the job of the government is to make people’s lives easier. Slogans written on the banners put up in his rallies were to build a city that we can afford and build affordable houses.
2. Direct connection with the public: Most of the time in politics things are said in a twisted manner, but Mamdani spoke very clearly. He openly said that tax the rich, increase child care and make housing a right. Mamdani said in the campaign, ‘This city belongs to the workers, not to the 1% rich.’
3. Correct use of internet: Mamdani did not get the support of big leaders of the party, but he took the help of the public and the internet. They held scavenger hunts, football tournaments, and late-night pop-up events at LGBTQ bars. According to the New York Times, he broke all the old rules and built relationships directly with people.
4. Focus on youth workers: Mamdani increased the number of volunteers. The youth included in his campaign team are even younger than him. Most had little experience of working on such a large scale. But they proved to be more capable and effective than ordinary advisors and strategists.

Question 2- Zoharan’s multi-religious image, then how did he become the mayor of a Christian-Jewish city?
answer- Zoharan was born on 18 October 1991 in Kampala, Uganda. His father Mahmood Mamdani is a renowned academic, born in a Gujarati Muslim family in Mumbai. Mother Meera Nair was born in a Hindu Brahmin family in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. He is a famous film director, who has made films like ‘Salaam Bombay’, ‘Monsoon Wedding’ and ‘Kama Sutra’. Whereas Zoharan’s wife is a Christian. Zoharan had a civil marriage in 2024 without religious rituals. Zoharan had said in an interview, ‘My family keeps religion private, but allows culture to breathe.’

Zoharan is a Shia Muslim, but he has become the mayor of a Christian-dominated city. According to the Pew Research Center report, New York has a 57% Christian population, of which 32% are Catholic Christians and 25% are Protestant Christians. Jews are 11%, Muslims are 9% and atheists are 25%. Still, 59% Christian voters supported Mamdani’s victory, because here voting is not on religion but on issues. Mamdani’s victory is a slap to those who weaponize religion. Cuomo made ‘Islamophobic attacks’ on Mamdani, but voters rejected. This shows that unity in diversity is possible. A Muslim mayor, who will work for everyone. Mamdani said in the victory speech, ‘I am a Muslim, but I am a mayor for the people.’

According to CBS News, Mamdani received 50.4% of the votes until 91% of the votes were counted. After him, independent candidate Cuomo got 41.6% votes, while Republican candidate Curtis Sliwa got 7% ​​votes. Mamdano received more than 1 million votes, which no New York mayoral candidate had received since 1969. More than 20 lakh people voted in this election, which is double as compared to the previous election. This clearly shows that being a Muslim candidate does not matter, but the issues matter.

Question 3- How did Mamdani win despite the threats of US President Donald Trump?
answer- Trump tried hard to defeat Mamdani. Trump also threatened that if Mamdani won the election, New York’s federal funding would be cut. But Mamdani replied that these were threats, not laws. That is, despite the threat of the world’s most powerful President, the people of New York chose Mamdani, because New York is the bastion of democracy. Mamdani was born in Uganda and New York is populated by immigrants. Mamdani also benefited from this.

After Mamdani’s victory on November 5, Trump wrote on the social media platform Truth – ‘And now it has started.’

Question 4- What lesson does India learn from Zohran Mamdani’s victory?
answer- Dr. Rajan Kumar, foreign affairs expert and JNU professor, says, ‘The politics of India and America are completely different. There are more immigrants in New York, that is, people from different countries have come and settled. They focus on grassroots issues instead of religious politics. They want a leader who fulfills their daily needs and not one who divides on religion. Zoharan promised to solve grassroots issues, due to which he became mayor.

Dr. Rajan Kumar further says, ‘India should learn the politics of development from the New York elections. The youth of India wants development, wants jobs, wants low inflation and cheap things and is troubled by the corporate culture. If politicians contest elections on these issues then development like New York can happen here too. Today’s youth does not see temples and mosques, they see facilities. But the real thing is that the reins of the country are in the hands of old politicians and they want to do politics of religion. The real thing or the bitter truth is that Mamdani’s victory will have no impact in India, because no one here wants to learn from Mamdani’s victory.

‘Terrorists attacked in Pahalgam. Within 20 days of this, they entered Pakistan and carried out Operation Sindoor. If Pakistan dares again, they will respond to the bullets with cannon balls. We will teach a lesson to Pakistanis with the cannon balls made in the factory in Bihar.

On November 4, Home Minister Amit Shah said these words in a meeting in Bettiah, Bihar. This is not the first time that votes were sought by targeting Pakistan or Muslims in election rallies. Terrorism flourished in Pakistan, which is true. But BJP always asks for votes with the help of this and also wins the elections. Believe it, without Muslims, Aurangzeb, Mughals or Pakistan, BJP will not get votes.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer why BJP’s soft target is Muslims-Pakistan, will the lotus not bloom without these issues and what will be its impact in Bihar elections…

Question 1- How did BJP raise the issue of Muslims, Pakistan and Mughals in the election rallies of Bihar?
answer- BJP’s focus in Bihar 2025 elections has been on security and identity, where Pakistan became a ‘symbol of terror’, Muslims ‘infiltrators’ and Mughals ‘historical enemies’.

• During the election rally in Bettiah on 4 November, Amit Shah said, ‘Rahul Gandhi had visited here a few days ago. This journey was to save the infiltrators. They may try as much as they want, but we will drive out each and every infiltrator.
• On November 3, Prime Minister Narendra Modi held an election rally in Katihar, Bihar. PM Modi said, ‘Be it Congress or RJD, they are only interested in infiltrators. These people undertake political tours to save infiltrators. Tell me whether you will decide the future of Bihar or the infiltrators will decide it. These infiltrators are occupying your property and taking over your resources. Bihar has to be saved from infiltrators. We are working to remove these infiltrators.
• On October 31, Union Minister Jitan Ram Manjhi, while addressing an election rally in Vaishali, Bihar, said, ‘PM Modi can destroy Pakistan in 5 hours, but he does not do so because the people of Pakistan were also once a part of India.’
• On October 30, PM Modi held an election rally in Muzaffarpur and Chhapra in Bihar. He said, ‘When the blasts were taking place in Pakistan, the ‘royal family’ of the party lost its sleep. Both the notables of Pakistan and Congress have not yet emerged from Operation Sindoor.
• On October 21, Amit Shah said in Siwan, ‘Rahul Gandhi is undertaking a yatra to save the infiltrators. They want infiltrators to be allowed to stay in the country. Right now the elections have thrown out the infiltrators through SIR. Once NDA forms the government, BJP will throw out each and every infiltrator.
• On October 19, in Arwal, Bihar, Union Minister Giriraj Singh described Muslims as ‘Namak Haram’ in an election rally. He said, ‘People of the Muslim community also take advantage of the schemes of the Central Government, but they do not vote for Prime Minister Narendra Modi, due to which they do not feel obliged. We don’t need such salt bastards.

Not only this, BJP also took the help of Mughals in the election rally in Bihar in 2020. In the election rally in Bhagalpur on 28 October 2020, Amit Shah had said, ‘Mughals tortured Hindus during Aurangzeb’s rule. Today RJD is running Jungle Raj, like Aurangzeb’s dictatorship. Save Hindu pride by voting for NDA.

Question 2- Why does BJP capitalize on the issues of Pakistan, Muslims and Mughals in elections?
answer- The core of BJP’s strategy is Hindutva – an ideological framework that places Hindu identity at the center of nationalism. Political scientist Vinay Sitapati in his book ‘Jugalbandi: The BJP before Modi’ He writes, ‘BJP uses these issues to unite Hindus, because Hindu population is around 80%, but caste-based division scatters them. Creating fear of national security by portraying Pakistan as a source of terror, capitalizing on minority fears by calling Muslims as infiltrators and evoking a sense of historical injustice by portraying the Mughals as foreign tyrants, all these strengthen the Hindu vote bank.

Human Rights Watch’s 2024 report ‘India: Hate speech fueled Modi’s election campaign’ It is written that BJP shared an animated video calling Muslims ‘infiltrators’ in the 2024 Lok Sabha, which received 1.6 million views. Their aim was to consolidate Hindu votes by blaming the opposition for ‘Muslim appeasement’.

Time magazine’s 2023 report ‘How India’s BJP is weaponizing history against Muslims’ Experts say that making Mughals villains is BJP’s way of promoting Hindu nationalism. Like the demolition of Babri Masjid in 1992, which was associated with the Mughal emperor Babar.

Political expert Rashid Kidwai says, ‘This strategy is more clearly visible in Bihar. In the 2020 Bihar elections, BJP gave the slogan of ’80 vs 20’ i.e. 80% Hindus vs 20% Muslims. Due to this, Yogi Adityanath collected votes in UP. BJP rewrites history to target present-day Muslims by portraying the Mughals as ‘anti-Hindu’. This is vote bank politics, which attracts Hindu votes through fear and anger.

Question 3- Is there any historical background for BJP doing politics on polarizing issues?
answer- BJP has its roots in the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), formed in 1925, which is based on Hindu nationalism. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’s 2019 report ‘The BJP in Power: Indian Democracy and Religious Nationalism’ According to , the RSS always considered Muslims ‘separate from Indianness’, because the 1947 partition was for them ‘the defeat of Hindu unity’. BJP, formed in 1980, started the Ram Mandir movement in the 1990s, in which the Ram Janmabhoomi was built by demolishing the mosque of Mughal emperor Babar.

Asia Times 2024 report ‘BJP’s anti-Muslim rhetoric has deep, dark historical roots’ According to the BJP, the BJP considers Pakistan a symbol of ‘Muslim separatism’, which is linked to the ‘two-nation theory’ of the Muslim League of the 1940s.

National Herald’s 2017 report ‘Why is the BJP targeting the Mughals’ It was said that BJP arouses Hindu pride by branding the Mughals as ‘foreign invaders’ because it is easier than talking about real issues like unemployment and poverty.

‘Aurangzeb: The Man and the Myth’ According to Andre Truschke, an expert who has written the book, BJP attacks present-day Muslims by making Aurangzeb ‘anti-Hindu’. This is a ‘dog whistle’, which gives signal to hate speech. Professor Ramchandra Guha in his book ‘After Gandhi’ He writes that in the 1980-90s, BJP converted communal riots into votes, like the Babri riots of 1992.

Today it spreads on social media. In 2024, videos on BJP’s Instagram calling Muslims ‘heirs of Muslim League’ went viral. In the 2020 Bihar elections, BJP mentioned ‘Pakistani flag’ along with ‘Jungle Raj’. The Print’s 2025 report ‘Mutton, Mughal, Muslim: Modi is showing the opposition as un-Hindu’ According to , BJP consolidates Hindu votes by terming the opposition as having ‘Mughal mentality’. This is always because promises of development do not last, but fear always works.

Question 4- Does BJP completely ignore Muslims or is there a soft strategy?
answer- No. BJP does not target ‘Pasmanda’ i.e. OBC Muslims. In 2019, BJP won 3 Pasmanda out of 27 Muslim MPs. The Diplomat’s 22 November 2022 report ‘How and Why, the BJP Sometimes Courts Muslim Voters’ According to, BJP in UP woos Pasmanda in the name of ‘social justice’. But overall Indian Express report 2024 ‘Why is the BJP shy away from fielding Muslim candidates’ According to , BJP fields less Muslim candidates because the chances of winning are less.

scroll.in’s 14 December 2023 report ‘The BJP and the Muslim Voter’ According to BJP shows ‘inclusivity’ to Sufis and Pasmandas, but never leaves Hindutva.

Question 5- Does BJP benefit from this, if yes then how much?
answer- Yes. In the 2020 Bihar elections, BJP-NDA won 125 seats with 43.17% vote share, while the Grand Alliance won 110 seats with 38.75% vote share. According to Al Jazeera, polarization in Muslim areas like Seemanchal resulted in BJP getting 4/18 seats. Voting is still left in 2025, but the issue of infiltrator is spreading and working in Bihar. Giriraj Singh’s Hindu Swabhiman Yatra has increased polarization.

Rashid Kidwai says, BJP benefits from 80-20 split. But there are some limitations because it drives away tribal voters. Yet in 2019, BJP had won majority in the Lok Sabha with 31% votes and polarization had increased the votes by more than 5%. Now BJP can benefit from this in the coming elections also. But the margin of victory and defeat may remain less.

On November 2, US President Donald Trump, while giving an interview to CBS News, said that Pakistan is conducting nuclear tests. Now America needs to conduct nuclear tests again. Trump claimed that America has so many nuclear weapons that the world can be destroyed 150 times, but due to the activities of Russia and China, testing is necessary. It is noteworthy that America conducted its last nuclear test on 23 September 1992. Now due to Trump’s statement the nuclear bomb has come into discussion again.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer what is the meaning of Trump’s statement, why are all the countries increasing their nuclear stockpile and how this bomb can destroy the whole world 0 times…

Question 1- What statement did Donald Trump give regarding nuclear bombs and what is its meaning?
answer- On November 2, Donald Trump appeared on American news channel CBS’s ’60 Minutes’ program. Trump was asked that except North Korea, no one is doing nuclear test, so why are you doing it? On this, Trump said that Russia, Pakistan and China are also doing secret tests, but the world does not know. We have to talk about this because otherwise you guys will report. They don’t have journalists who can write about this. We will test, because they test, others also test and of course North Korea is testing. In fact Trump has already ordered the Ministry of Defense (Pentagon) to start testing nuclear weapons immediately.

On the question of when and where to conduct nuclear tests again after three decades, Trump simply said, ‘We have testing sites, it will be announced soon.’ When Trump was asked whether he thought this could lead the world into a more dangerous nuclear environment, Trump said, ‘I think we have kept it under control to a great extent.’

Question 2- When was the world’s first atomic bomb made and how many countries have this weapon?
answer- The making of the world’s first atomic bomb began in December 1938, when scientists Otto Hahn and Fritz Straussmann in a German lab bombarded uranium-235 atoms with intense neutrons. Due to this, the uranium atom suddenly broke into two parts and a huge amount of energy was released. This experiment was called nuclear fission. Jewish scientist Lisa Meitner said that if it causes a chain reaction, tremendous energy will be released. American scientists felt that a major weapon had come into the hands of Nazi Germany.

After this, in June 1942, America started preparing to make the atom bomb secretly on the 18th floor of a building in Manhattan. The ‘Manhattan Project’ started under the leadership of American Brigadier General Leslie Groves and scientist Julius Robert Oppenheimer. 100 tons of uranium were collected in 2 months and Oppenheimer built a laboratory in the ravines of Los Alamos, New Mexico to work on the design.

Two years later, in July 1945, two bombs of uranium and plutonium were ready. On July 16, 1945, America successfully tested the first bomb in Trinity. On 6 August 1945, the uranium bomb ‘Little Boy’ was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan and on 9 August 1945, the plutonium bomb ‘Fatman’ was dropped on Nagasaki. About 1.5 lakh people were killed instantly in both the blasts. After this many countries started making nuclear bombs.

• On August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union made the atomic bomb ‘First Thunder’. The successful test took place at 7 am in the desert area near the Aral Sea in Kazakhstan (then part of the Soviet Union).
• On October 3, 1952, the United Kingdom created an atomic bomb named ‘Hurricane’. Successfully tested near Montebello Islands.
• On 13 February 1960, France successfully tested the nuclear bomb ‘Jerbois Blue’ in the Sahara Desert in Algeria (then a French colony).
• On October 16, 1964, the first atomic bomb was successfully tested in the Gobi Desert of Xinjiang province in China. This ‘Su596’ was a utanium-implosion fission bomb.
• On 18 May 1974, India conducted a successful nuclear test in Pokhran, Rajasthan. In this nuclear project named ‘Smiling Buddha’, P-1 i.e. Plutonium-Implosion Fission Device nuclear bomb was tested.
• On 28 May 1998, in response to India’s nuclear test, Pakistan also tested its first nuclear bomb ‘Chagai-1’. This happened in the Chagai hills of Balochistan province.
• On October 9, 2006, North Korea also made a nuclear bomb. This bomb was tested at the Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site in north-eastern Korea.

Question 3- When did which countries stop nuclear tests and why?
answer- The nuclear testing spree led to more than 2,000 explosions, most of which occurred between 1950–1990. But global protests increased due to radioactive fallout. In 1954, America’s Castle Bravo test sickened Japanese fishermen, causing an uproar in the world. After this, on April 2, 1954, the then Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru for the first time demanded a ‘Standstill Agreement’ i.e. a ban on tests.

The first major step in banning nuclear tests was the ‘Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), which was signed by the US, Soviet Union and Britain in Moscow on 5 August 1963. It came into force on 10 October 1963 and prohibited atmospheric, space and underwater tests. China did not sign PTBT. The most important measure to ban nuclear tests was the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 September 1996. Then it was signed by 76 countries. It completely banned all types of nuclear tests.

• Soviet Union: No confirmed explosive test has been conducted since 1990.
• America: No nuclear test has been conducted since 1992. The last atmospheric test was done in 1962.
• United Kingdom: The last nuclear test was conducted in 1991. There was no test after this.
• France: The last test was conducted underground in French Polynesia in 1996.
• China: By 1996, China limited the tests and stopped them altogether by July 29.
• India: The last successful nuclear test was conducted in Pokhran in 1998, which was named ‘Shakti-1’.
• Pakistan: The last nuclear test was conducted with ‘Chagai-2’ in 1998.
• North Korea: The last nuclear test was conducted in 2017. North Korea is the only country that conducted tests in the 21st century.

To avoid the threat of nuclear bombs, nuclear disarmament was started, which means completely eliminating nuclear weapons, so that the world becomes weapon-free. This is the origin of the NPT, which came into force on 5 March 1970. 191 countries signed. Under this, it was said that there should be a ban on making new weapons, destruction of existing ones and peaceful use.

Question 4- So now which countries have how many nuclear bombs and how many times can they destroy the world?
answer- According to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), a total of 9 countries in the world have nuclear weapons.

1. Russia has the maximum number of 5,459 nuclear bombs.
2. America has 5,177 nuclear bombs.
3. China has 600 nuclear weapons.
4. France has 290 nuclear bombs.
5. Britain has 225 nuclear bombs.
6. India has a stockpile of 180 nuclear bombs.
7. Pakistan has 170 nuclear bombs.
8. Israel has 90 nuclear bombs.
9. North Korea has 50 nuclear bombs.

Apart from this, there have been reports of Israel also having a nuclear bomb, but it has not been confirmed. It is said that Israel is secretly making nuclear bombs.

According to SIPRI report, a nuclear bomb can destroy a city within minutes. There are 12,241 nuclear warheads worldwide, whose total explosive capacity is more than 2,500 megatons. The Hiroshima bomb was 0.015 megatons, so this is equivalent to 1.66 lakh Hiroshima bombs. But the danger is not just explosion, but ‘nuclear winter’. If 100 Hiroshima-like bombs are dropped in a regional war like India-Pakistan, then 50 lakh tonnes of smoke will go into the stratosphere, which will block sunlight. Crops will be destroyed for two decades and people will die of starvation.

According to SIPRI report, about 3 thousand nuclear warheads can destroy the Earth 50-100 times. If this is estimated, then the world can be destroyed more than 300 times with a total of 12,241 nuclear warheads. Russia has the world’s most powerful nuclear bomb, which is named ‘Tsar Bomb’. It is of 50 megatons. But this danger is so great that scientists say, ‘Even a limited war can end civilization.’

Question 5- Are any countries still trying to make nuclear bombs?
answer- Apart from 9 countries, there are many ‘threshold states’ which can make weapons. Iran is at the top among these. According to the report of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) dated May 31, 2025, Iran has 408 kg of 60% uranium, which can make many bombs. Iran’s Kavir plan is working on long-range missiles, which is based on North Korean design. However, Israeli and American attacks have damaged Iran’s nuclear program to a great extent.

Apart from this, Saudi Arabia has said that if Iran makes a nuclear bomb, we will also make it. Public support has increased in South Korea and Japan, but is being held back due to American guarantees. Turkey and Germany are also ‘hedgers’, they have the capacity but not the political will. According to SIPRI, Iran-Israel tension may increase the regional competition to make nuclear bombs.

Question 6- So what is the meaning of Trump’s statement? Is the nuclear race about to start?
answer- Retired Lieutenant General of the Indian Army and defense expert Sanjay Kulkarni says, ‘The Russia-Ukraine war and America-China tension have created a situation like a second cold war. Russia had suspended the New START treaty in 2023, which set limits on the weapons of both countries. China is producing 100 new warheads every year. Pakistan is also conducting nuclear tests. The recent earthquakes that occurred in Afghanistan do not seem to be of any natural disaster but of nuclear testing.

Sanjay Kulkarni says that Trump has understood very well that a power like nuclear bomb should not increase in the hands of a country that promotes terrorism. They are openly warning that if the rest of the world does not give up on nuclear bombs, America will also start nuclear testing. Looking at the current situation, it seems that many countries are secretly working on making nuclear bombs. In such a situation, if nuclear war occurs, it will be difficult to control it.

A small company that once made graphics chips for video games has today become the largest company in the world. This is the story of Nvidia, whose valuation crossed 5 trillion dollars i.e. Rs 453 lakh crore for the first time on 29 October. The amount of 5 trillion dollars will not be known just by listening. Just understand that this amount is more than the economy of the entire country of India. This can feed the entire world, eliminate poverty and provide shelter to crores of people.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer how much is 5 trillion dollars, what can be bought with this much money and how Nvidia became the most expensive company in the world…

Question 1- What is Nvidia company and what does it make?
answer- Nvidia is a technology company, known for the design and manufacturing of graphics processing units (GPU). It was founded in 1993 by Jensen Huang, Curtis Priem and Chris Malachowski. Its headquarters is in Santa Clara, California. Nvidia is already the world’s most valuable semiconductor firm. It has four engineering development centers in India, located in Hyderabad, Pune, Gurugram and Bengaluru.

Nvidia designs and manufactures chips for gaming, cryptocurrency mining and professional applications. Along with this, its chip systems are also used in vehicles, robotics and other equipment. Consider semiconductor as the brain of electronic gadgets. From computers, laptops, cars, washing machines, ATMs, hospital machines to handheld smartphones, all work on semiconductor chips. This chip helps in operating these gadgets like a brain. Every electronic item is incomplete without it. Semiconductor chips are made of silicon and are used to control electricity in circuits.

On October 29, Nvidia’s market cap reached Rs 5.13 trillion for the first time. Nvidia became the first company in the world to cross this figure. After Nvidia, Microsoft and Apple are the most valuable companies in the world. The market cap of Microsoft is 4.03 trillion dollars i.e. 356 lakh crore rupees. Apple is at third place with $4.02 trillion (Rs 355 lakh crore). Google is at fourth place with $3.25 trillion (Rs 287 lakh crore) and Amazon is at fifth place with $2.45 trillion (Rs 216 lakh crore).

Question 2- What are the reasons for Nvidia becoming a 5 trillion dollar company?
answer- Nvidia became a 5 trillion dollar company due to 7 big reasons…

• Growth in AI: Nvidia’s H100 and Blackwell chips are the fastest and necessary for AI tools like ChatGPT, every big company is using these chips.
• Share rise: The company’s shares have increased 12 times since 2022. In just 3 months the value of the company increased from Rs 4 trillion to Rs 5 trillion.
• Large Orders: CEO Jensen Huang announced $500 billion AI chip order. There is also a plan to build 7 supercomputers for America.
• Trust in company: Investors feel that the cost of AI will continue to increase in the coming years, hence they are continuously investing money in Nvidia.
• No competition in the world: There are competitors like AMD, Intel, but till now no company has been able to make chips as fast and reliable as Nvidia.
• Benefit in US-China tension: America has banned selling high-end chips to China. With this, Nvidia became the favorite company of the US government.
• Smart Leadership of CEO: Jensen Huang turned the company towards AI at the right time. He is now the hero of Silicon Valley and investors have faith in him.

Question 3- What does this 5 trillion dollars mean?
answer- If we understand in simple words, the market value of Nvidia is 5 trillion dollars, that is, if someone buys all the shares today, it will cost this much. Nvidia shares have increased 12 times since the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022. On October 29, Nvidia shares traded at $210 i.e. Rs 18,534 with a rise of 4.5%.

Nvidia is worth more than the cryptocurrency market ($4.9 trillion) and half of Europe’s stock index. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Nvidia’s value is about Rs 90 lakh crore more than India’s GDP of $ 4.13 trillion (Rs 364 lakh crore). Nvidia also left behind Japan ($4.1 trillion) and UK ($3.7 trillion).

Question 4- How big is the amount of 5 trillion dollars that Nvidia is talking about everywhere?
answer- In fact, this amount becomes so huge that it is beyond imagination. But let’s understand from everyday example…

• 350 AIIMS will be built: On September 15, 2024, the Union Cabinet approved Rs 1,264 crore for Darbhanga AIIMS in Bihar. That means the cost of building an AIIMS hospital is more than Rs 1200 crore. This includes 750 beds, 100 MBBS seats and 60 nursing seats. If we calculate accordingly, around 350 AIIMS can be built for 5 trillion dollars. This means that there will be super specialty hospitals in every corner of India, where lakhs of people will be able to get free treatment.
• 700-800 IIM institutes will be built: The cost of setting up an IIM institute in 2025 is Rs 500-600 crore (estimated from the cost of the entire building campus of IIM Calcutta at Rs 500 crore and fee structure). That means 700-800 IIM institutes can be built with 5 trillion dollars.
• 220 Rafale will be available: The price of one Rafale jet in 2025 is around Rs 2,307 crore. On April 28, 26 Rafale M were ordered from India-France deal worth Rs 63 thousand crore. According to this, 220 Rafales can be purchased with 5 trillion dollars, which will make the Indian Air Force a super power.
• 2 thousand years funding to ISRO: The annual budget of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is Rs 20 thousand crores. This means that 5 trillion dollars will provide funding for 2 thousand years. This means missions like Chandrayaan will continue for centuries.

Question 5- Can the entire world be fed with 5 trillion dollars?
answer- According to UN World Population Prospects, the world population is 8.1 billion. According to the report of the World Bank’s Food Prices for Nutrition Data Hub, the cost of food for one month per person is $ 3.66 i.e. Rs 4,433. Now if we calculate it with 5 trillion then the whole world can eat food till its stomach for about 12.3 months.

Question 6- What wonders can this money do in eradicating poverty around the world?
answer- According to the June 2025 report of the World Bank, 808 million (80.8 crore) people will be in extreme poverty in 2025. 9.9% of the global population lives on less than $3 per day (Rs 266). According to the World Bank’s Deep Research Program, the annual cost of eradicating poverty per person is $ 100 (Rs 8,867). This means that with 5 trillion dollars, everyone’s poverty will end in about 62 years.

Adult content and nudity are being sold openly on the media. If access is not available then the work is done by installing VPN. The demand for such content has increased so much that platforms like OnlyFans are converting attention and emotion into income. Recently the company released the financial report of 2024, in which last year’s earnings were Rs 60 thousand crores. In many cases it has left behind big companies like Google, Meta and Apple.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer what is OnlyFans, what are the ways of earning on it and how it overtook Google-Meta in earning…

Question 1- What is OnlyFans, which has overtaken Google and Apple in terms of earnings?
answer- Like Instagram and YouTube, OnlyFans is also a content platform in which creators post photos, videos and audios. However, it has 4 big differences compared to other platforms…

• OnlyFans has only a website. Its app is not available yet.
• It runs on subscription model. That means fans of the creators spend money and take subscription and watch this content.
• To use OnlyFans, creators and fans must be above 18 years of age.
• OnlyFans is especially known for NSFW (Not Safe For Work), i.e. ‘adult content that should be viewed only in a private place’.

According to the official report of OnlyFans, the company earned $ 7.2 billion i.e. about Rs 60 thousand crore in 2024, which is 9% more than last year. OnlyFans started in 2016 and since then has earned its creators around Rs 2 lakh crore. With just 46 employees, the company generates $37.6 million in revenue per employee, which is more than Nvidia ($3.6 million), Apple ($2.4 million), Meta ($2.2 million) and Google ($1.9 million).

OnlyFans started in 2016…

• In 2016, London businessman Tim Stokely started OnlyFans with 10,000 pounds from his father Guy Stokely. Initially there was a ban on adult content, but when the website did not perform well, the ban was lifted.
• In 2018, Russian-born businessman Leonid Radvinsky bought OnlyFans. Tim Stockley was the CEO of OnlyFans until December 2021.
• Indian-American businessman Amrapali Gan was the CEO from 2021 to July 2023. OnlyFans had a staff of only 12 people. Now it has 46 employees.

Question 2- How many creators are there on OnlyFans and how many Indians are included in them?
answer- 70% of the content on OnlyFans is of adult category. Adult models, sex workers and porn actresses upload their photos and videos here. However, writers, artists, fitness trainers, fashion models, musicians and chefs etc. from all over the world also have accounts on it.

There are more than 41 lakh creators on OnlyFans, including 70% women, 29% men and 1% non-binary creators. The most popular creators on OnlyFans are the US (41%), UK (20%), Canada (10%), Australia (7%), Germany (4%), India (2%) and Other (16%).

Question 3- How do creators earn from OnlyFans?
answer- All types of content are available for free on other internet sites, whereas OnlyFans charges money for it. This is not only for adult content but also for content related to music and cooking. When fans spend money and buy content, OnlyFans gives 80% of that amount directly to the creators, while keeping 20% ​​of the money as commission.

Creators on OnlyFans earn money in other ways besides subscription. For example-

• Fitness trainers charge money for giving fitness tips to their fans through personal messages. The price of these personal messages starts from Rs 400.
• Some creators use pay-per-view feature. This means that every time you want to watch their content, you have to pay a price for it.
• Some creators also raise funds, that is, they collect donations from people for one of their projects.
• Some creators give a link to their wishlist. Fans can buy any item from the creators wishlist.

Question- 4: How much do creators earn on OnlyFans?

answer: The subscription rate of creators on OnlyFans ranges from 5 dollars per month i.e. around Rs 400 to 50 dollars i.e. 4000 rupees per month. However, most of the creators on OnlyFans earn an average of only 200 dollars i.e. about 17 thousand rupees per month. At the same time, the earning of famous creators can be 1 lakh dollars i.e. around 80 lakh rupees or more.

Top earners of OnlyFans like Sophie Raine earn 43 million dollars i.e. about Rs 379 crore annually. According to Disney’s star actress Bella Thorne, she had earned twenty million dollars i.e. about Rs 17 crore from OnlyFans in the first one week. American rapper Ruby Rose had claimed that she had earned 1 million dollars i.e. about Rs 85 crore by posting her photos on OnlyFans in just 2 days.

Question 5: How does OnlyFans itself make money?

answer: OnlyFans’ direct source of income is the commission received from the earnings of its creators. OnlyFans is branded as a subscription service used in a private space.

Millions of users from all over the world use OnlyFans. On an average a user spends Rs 4,700 on OnlyFans in a year. Free content of some creators can be seen in the beginning itself. Later, money has to be spent to watch the content.

In 2019, people spent Rs 2,200 crore on OnlyFans. At the peak of Corona in 2020, OnlyFans earned Rs 18,700 crore from fans. In 2021, people spent Rs 40,800 crore on OnlyFans. Earned about Rs 56 thousand crore in 2023 and generated gross revenue of Rs 60 thousand crore in 2024.

Question-6: What arguments are given against OnlyFans?

answer: OnlyFans claims that the content of its website is private and cannot be viewed without subscription. Although this is not true.

According to media reports, many such cases have come to light in which screenshots of creators’ content or their videos were copied or recorded with the help of some tools and posted on other platforms. OnlyFans website was also hacked. In the internet world, once the content is uploaded, it has now become impossible to delete it.

OnlyFans also claims that its verification process keeps children away from it. To create an account, one has to upload a selfie. However, this is not enough. Children can easily complete the verification process of OnlyFans by uploading a picture taken from their elders, friends or the internet.

It has been told in a BBC documentary #Nudes4Sale that more than 33% of the users who advertise obscene pictures on X alone are under 18 years of age. On other social media platforms too, a large number of children sell nude photos in exchange for money and gifts.

Question 7- In which countries around the world OnlyFans is banned?
answer- 14 countries like Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, China, Iran, Kuwait, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Dubai, Russia, Belarus and Angola have banned OnlyFans. At the same time, OnlyFans is not banned in India. Its website can be opened by anyone from phone or laptop and its content can be viewed by creating an account.