Whenever the name of Zaheeruddin Mohammad Babar is taken in Mughal history, the picture of the battle of Panipat and the establishment of the Mughal Empire emerges in the minds of most people, but Babar was not just a conqueror, he was also a poet, writer, artist and sensitive thinker.

By defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, he laid the foundation of a new sultanate in India, but his autobiography Baburnama proves that within him was a man who honestly accepted his failures, emotions and life struggles.

Love and separation in the life of Babar

Babar’s emotional aspects are also reflected in his autobiography. He married his cousin sister Ayesha, but this marriage was unsatisfactory. There is an incident in his autobiography, in which he wrote that there was a boy named Babri in the Urdu market. My mind got distracted towards him and I lost myself. He writes that if he had come forward, I would not have been able to make eye contact out of shame, nor could I have complained if he had not come.

Man and ruler reflected in Baburnama autobiography

In Babur’s autobiography Tuzuk-e-Babri (or Baburnama), he has not only described his rule and wars, but has also depicted his inner loneliness and struggles. He has mentioned in Baburnama that the days I stayed in Tashkent were spent in great sorrow and poverty. The country was gone, there was no hope left and the servants who were with me had also left me due to poverty. A couplet of Babar shows his mental state. ‘Neither do I have friends now, nor do I have country and wealth. I don’t have a moment’s peace, it was my decision to come here, but now it is not possible to go back.

Attitudes towards India and Taimur’s legacy

According to historian Professor Nishant Manjar, Babur’s inclination towards India was not just an ambition, but an economic and political necessity. There were limited sources of revenue in Kabul and there was a dire need of money for governance. That’s why Babar attacked the western part of India several times, but there was also an emotional element behind his coming to India. It is said that an old woman told Babur the stories of Taimur’s conquest of India, due to which the dream of reviving the Timurid Empire blossomed in his mind.

Babar, lover of education, literature and art

Babar was born in Andijan, the capital of Fargana. His ancestors like Genghis Khan and Taimur Lang were not educated, but Babur considered education and learning as the basis of governance. He started education at the age of four years and four days as per Islamic tradition. His literary contribution was so influential that historian Stephen Dale wrote in his book “Garden of Paradise” that Babar’s writing style is as modern and lively as that of today’s era. Many experts have called his prose style the lifeblood of Urdu prose even before Ghalib.

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The Mughals had a lot of wealth from the grounds of Panipat. Mulla Abdul Qadir Badauni wrote in Muntakhab-Ut-Tawarikh that there was about one and a half thousand elephants and such a treasure from the field of Panipat that it could not be imagined. The Mughal army came under possession.

Dr. Ashirvadi Lal Srivastava has written in his book Mughal India that after the fall of Hemu, his army became disintegrated. His wife and father fled to Mewat from Delhi. Mulla Badauni has written that on the second day of the victory, Akbar came to Panipat and he built the tower of cut ends in the battlefield.

‘Mongol used to consider Islam as his enemy’
The first written mention of this type in Indian history is found in 1305 AD when Turk Sultan Alauddin Khilji of Delhi built 2 towers of chopped ends of Mongols at Badaun Darwaza in Delhi. At that time Mongol used to consider Islam as his enemy.

In 1398 AD, Akbar’s ancestor Taimur Lung cut the heads of the Hindu people of Delhi and built their minarets. In 1505 AD, Babur had beheaded the Hindu Afghans living in the Hindukush mountain and made their minarets. In 1526 AD, Babur cut the head of Ibrahim Lodhi’s soldiers in the field of Panipat and built Mund Chaura.

Mund Chaura was made by cutting the heads of enemies
According to Muslim historians, Mund Chaura was made by beheading the enemies in the war. Babur also cut off his soldiers in this Mund Chaure to fulfill his craze.

What does Ghazi’s title mean?
In 1527 AD, Babur assumed the title of Ghazi by building the tower of the severed ends of Hindu soldiers on the hill of Khanwa, which means lightning on Kafir or falling lightning on Kafir.

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Within the Rajya Sabha, the controversial statement of Samajwadi Party MP Ramji Lal Suman on Rana Sanga has warmed the politics of the entire country including Rajasthan. Maharana Sanga became the ruler of Mewar at the age of 27 in 1509 AD after the death of his father Maharana Raymal. He was the most proud warrior among the Maharanas of Mewar. Maharana Sanga fought many wars during his lifetime but the war is remembered with the Mughal ruler Babur, who laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire in India.

The SP MP said in the Rajya Sabha that Babur was brought to Rana Sanga to defeat Ibrahim Lodi. Talking to India Today on this, historians have given their opinion. Babur laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire in India by defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the first war of Panipat in 1526 AD. Since then, the conflict between Babur and Maharana Sanga started. Babur wanted to establish his suzerainty over India after the victory over Ibrahim Lodi, but this was not possible without defeating Rana Sanga.

Rana Sanga dusted Babur

The Mughal Empire founder Babur started his journey towards India long before his victory in Panipat. Babur, a descendant of Taimur and Genghis Khan, was thrown out of his motherland in Fargana, he spent more than two decades in the rugged mountains of Kabul, dreaming of the empire. The losing their ancestral land in Fargana and Samarkand had a huge impact on them and the wealth of India started providing them new possibilities.

After the battle of Panipat, Afghan leader reached the shelter of Maharana Sanga. The front of Rajput Afghan became a cause of fear for Babur. Maharana Sanga conquered Bayana in February 1527, which is said to have an important victory against Babur. The morale of Babur’s soldiers was broken after hearing the valor of the Rajputs.

An arrow in Rana Sanga’s eye

The war began in Khanwa in Bharatpur on the morning of 16 March 1527. The first encounter got the hand of the Rajputs, but suddenly an arrow came and Rana hit Sanga’s eye. He went away from the battlefield and lost the Rajput war. After this, the Mughal Empire was established in India. Babur killed Sanga by poisoning Sanga to avenge the war. Maharana Sanga died at the age of 46 on 30 January 1528 AD.

It has been said many times that the reason for Babur’s arrival in India was the invitation of Rana Sanga of Mewar. This letter was an invitation to defeat Delhi’s Lodi ruler Ibrahim Lodi, which was defeated by Rana Sanga 18 times. According to the report, many references show that Rana Sanga never sent that invitation? This letter was sent by Punjab Governor Daulat Khan to send a letter to Babur so that he could weaken the Sultan of Delhi and join Delhi under his rule.

Who asked for help from Babur?

In 1523, Babur received an invitation from the prominent people of the Delhi Sultanate. Sultan Sikander Lodi’s brother Alam Khan Lodi, Punjab Governor Daulat Khan Lodi and Ibrahim Lodi’s uncle Alauddin sought help to challenge Ibrahim’s rule. According to the historian, the invitation of Rana Sanga has been mentioned in Babarnama, but it is mentioned after the war of Panipat. When Babur Rajput was preparing for the war against the king.

Babur had contacted Rana Sanga

Many historians like GN Sharma and Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha argue that Babur himself contacted Rana Sanga in the hope of an alliance against his common rival Ibrahim Lodi. Rana Sanga was initially ready for this, but later he pulled back his steps due to resistance of his advisors in the Mewar Durbar.

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