A painful road accident took place in Southern Brazil on Friday (January 2, 2026), in which a passenger bus and a sand-laden truck collided head-on. At least 11 people died on the spot in the accident. The accident occurred on a federal highway in Brazil’s southern state of Rio Grande do Sul.

According to Reuters, the accident occurred at around 11:30 am local time. The collision was so severe that a large portion of the sand loaded in the truck entered the bus. Due to this, it became very difficult to evacuate the passengers sitting inside the bus. After the accident, there was chaos on the spot and there was a long traffic jam on the road.

Huge difficulties faced in rescue work

Brazil’s Federal Highway Police said that relief and rescue operations faced a lot of difficulties due to the truck’s cargo being filled inside the bus. The structure of the bus was badly damaged due to sand, due to which it took time to reach the injured and the dead. Emergency services reached the spot and rescued the passengers after several hours of effort.

Seven people injured, admitted to hospital

Seven people have been seriously injured in this accident, who have been admitted to nearby hospitals. According to doctors, the condition of some of the injured remains critical. The local administration is taking necessary steps to treat the injured and help the affected families.

Investigation into the cause of the accident continues

The Federal Highway Police said that the exact cause of the accident is being investigated. Initially, high speed or road conditions are being considered as possible reasons, but a clear picture will emerge only after the investigation is completed. The police had closed the traffic on the accident route for some time.

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The name of Serra Pelada, located in the Para state of Brazil, has once again started resonating across the world. Once this place was famous for those who extracted gold from the mountains of mud. Once again such news is coming out, according to which there is so much gold buried beneath this small village that this area can suddenly be counted among the richest places in the world, but the environment of Amazon is paying the price of this greed. Forests are being cut, rivers have become poisonous and the use of mercury has put the future of the earth in danger.

In the 1980s, the condition of Serra Pelada was no less than a battlefield. Thousands of people used to come to extract gold by hanging themselves from ropes on the mud walls. The pictures of that period shook the whole world. Naked workers, mountains crumbling, lives slipping in the mud. Many people lost their lives here, but the shine of gold made every danger small.

Fate picked up, then took everything away
diamonddetailsmcr.co.uk Chico Osorio, a laborer from the state of Pará, is a unique name recorded in the history of Serra Pelada. In the year 1982, when he heard the news of gold on the radio, he left everything and reached the mine. His luck shone and he extracted about 700 kg of gold in three years. According to today’s price, this amount is more than Rs 900 crore. He bought two aeroplanes, machines and deposited money in the bank to secure his future. However, after a few years the mine was closed for safety reasons and the bank in which it kept its earnings went bankrupt. The machines which once used to extract gold are now rusted. Instead of hopes, Osorio is left with only an empty pit and memories.

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While hosting the G-20 summit for the first time in Africa, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa admitted to Prime Minister Narendra Modi that the task was more difficult than anticipated. While opening bilateral talks in Johannesburg, he said that perhaps we would have run away.

In his opening remarks at the talks with the Indian delegation, Ramaphosa thanked New Delhi for its support in Pretoria assuming the presidency. Ramaphosa said laughingly, “Thank you for India’s support to South Africa in hosting the G-20. You should have told us it was such a difficult task, we might have run away.” Prime Minister Modi and other representatives present in the room also laughed at this comment.

‘We watched India’s leadership closely’
Ramaphosa said that South Africa has closely watched India’s leadership in 2023. He said, “We have learned a lot from your hosting of the G-20 and your hosting was wonderful. Our hosting is really very short.” Prime Minister Modi immediately replied, “Small is always beautiful.”

In his concluding speech, Ramaphosa said that India, Brazil and Indonesia have laid the foundation for South Africa’s G20 presidency. “We have learned a lot from what Indonesia, India and Brazil have done,” he said. “In many ways, what we are seeing here is based on the foundation established by these three countries in the global South.”

What did Ramaphosa say in his speech
The President further said, “Our agreement on a declaration during this summit reflects the importance of the G-20 as a forum that can facilitate joint action on issues of common concern not only to leaders, but to the people of the world. Moreover, it reaffirms our renewed commitment to multilateral cooperation and our recognition that our shared goals outweigh our differences.”

Ramaphosa thanked all G-20 members and invited guests for their presence and said their commitment has been vital in re-establishing the G-20 as the premier forum for international economic cooperation.

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From your watch to Agni-6 missile… 95% of the essential rare earth minerals (REE) used in it are produced only by China. That means, if China stops giving REE, then neither the clock will run, nor the electric vehicle will run, nor will there be electricity, nor will American F-35 fighter jets be made. China has the highest number of REE in the world and India is at third place. Experts predict that by 2035, REEs will become so important that without them it will be impossible for any country to become a super power.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer what are Rare Earth Minerals, how China captured the minerals of the whole world and why no country can become a super power without them…

Question 1- What and how are rare earth minerals?
answer- Rare Earth Minerals (REE) are 17 special metals, which look like ordinary soil, but they are the lifeblood of today’s high-tech world. These are called ‘rare’ because they are found everywhere on earth, but it is very difficult and expensive to extract them in pure form. Only 1-2 grams of pure REE comes out from one ton of soil. By 2030, the world needs 140 million EVs, for which 4.9 lakh tonnes of REE will be required every year. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) report, these metals are the backbone of all technologies including green energy, defense and AI.

1. Holmium: This is the most powerful magnetic element in the world. It is used in laser devices, nuclear reactors and high-tech magnets.
2. Erbium: It gives off a pink glow, which is used in internet networks, medical lasers and colored glasses.
3. Thulium: It is the rarest mineral after lutetium, which is used in X-ray machines, laser surgery and mobile laser devices.
4. Europium: It produces bright red and blue light. It is used in LED screens, TV displays and currency notes.
5. Ytterbium: It evaporates very quickly. It is used in steel, quantum computing research and medical imaging.
6. Samarium: Magnets made from it do not lose their strength at high temperatures, due to which it is used in making headphones and nuclear weapons.
7. Gadolinium: It absorbs magnetic neutrons, due to which it is used for MRI machines, nuclear reactors and radar systems.
8. Terbium: Produces green light in TV-phones. LED screens, lighting, sensors and high temperature magnets are made from it.
9. Dysprosium: Produces white-yellow light and does not lose power in high temperatures. It is used in making nuclear reactors, hard disk drives and generators.
10. Lutetium: It is the heaviest and strongest among the 17 rare minerals. It is used in petroleum refineries, memory devices and killing cancer cells.
11. Scandium: It is the most special and very light among the 17 rare minerals. It is used in making rocket-helicopter frames, baseball bats and LEDs.
12. Yttrium: It is the most abundant rare mineral on Earth, from which radar systems, superconductors and camera lenses are made.
13. Cerium: Helps in oxidation in chemical reactions. It is used in glass polishing and electronics.
14. Lanthanum: Hydrogen is good at absorption, which makes superconductors and nuclear reactors.
15. Promethium: It radiates, hence is useful as a source of energy, which is used in nuclear research and thermoelectric generators.
16. Niobium: It has high superconductivity, due to which it is used in superconductors, aerospace and jet engines.
17. Tantalum: It does not rust and is not affected by acid. It is used in electronic, medical and aerospace.

Question 2- Which country has the highest number of REE in the world?
answer- China has all the 17 REEs in the world, but most of them are light REE (Nd, Pr, Ce) and heavy REE (Dy, Tb). The world’s largest mine is also in China, which was discovered in 1927. It has more than 57 million tonnes of REE reserves. According to USGS, China controls 70% of the world’s REE reserves and 95% of production. after this-

• Brazil has 21 million tons of REE.
• India is in third place, with 6.9 million tonnes of REE.
• Australia has 5.7 million tonnes of REE.
• Russia has 3.8 million tons of REE and Vietnam has 3.5 tons of REE.
• The US has 1.9 million tonnes of REE and Greenland has 1.5 million tonnes of REE.

Question 3- How did China capture 70% of the world’s REE reserves and 95% production?
answer- This is not a coincidence, but it was China’s 40 year old plan…

• 1980: China subsidized REE, relaxed environmental regulations and gave export tax rebates. China deliberately dropped REE prices by 70% so that countries including the US, Australia and India would stop REE mining. All the countries thought that when they can be imported at cheaper prices, then why spend more money doing mining.
• 1986-1992: Made Baotou ‘Rare Earth Capital’.
• 1990: Declared REE as a ‘strategic resource’ and banned foreign investment.
• 1999: America’s Mountain Pass Mine closed. The same situation happened in Australia and India also.
• 2010: Due to dispute with Japan, exports were stopped for 2 months, due to which REE prices increased by 500%.
• 2023: Tech export banned on NdPr, DyTb.
• 2024: Banned 7 heavy REE (Samarium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Lutetium, Scandium and Yttrium). It was made mandatory for companies exporting these elements to obtain a special export license, due to which the supply of REE was disrupted across the world.
• 2025: 5 and REE (Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Europium and Yttrium) were banned. Due to this, 12 minerals came under the control of China. Before using them, it became necessary to obtain export license from China.

China forced the rest of the world out of the market by lowering prices and then made everyone bow down by banning essential minerals. Today, China produces 270,000 tons of REE in 2025.

Question 4- Why does a country need REE to become a super power?
answer- A country needs REE to become a superpower because in the next 25 years, all the power in the world will be powered by this. Apart from this, in 2035, super power will be identified with weapons. The country which makes the most dangerous weapon will be called a super power. All dangerous weapons cannot be made without REE. For example, 417 kg of neodymium is required to make F-35 fighter jet, if China stops it then America’s Air Force will be destroyed in 18 months. India’s Agni-6 missile requires 9 kg of samarium-cobalt magnets. If China does not give, the 8,000 km range missile will remain on paper. An American submarine requires 4,200 kg of REE, if China did not supply it, not a single new submarine would be built. That means the country which controls REE will be called a super power.

REE is used extensively in our everyday life also. Imagine that one morning you wake up, your watch will not ring due to lack of REE, because there is 0.3 gram neodymium magnet in that small vibration motor. Your electric scooter will not start, because its motor contains 3 kg REE magnet. Lights will not be on in your house and schools because the wind turbine will not run, which requires 4 tons of REE magnets. Internet will not work on your phone, because 6G tower requires Yttrium. Even AI will not be able to work without China, because one AI data center requires 20 tons of REE (cooling and magnetic storage).

Question 5- What will India have to do to become a superpower by 2047?
answer- For India to become a superpower by 2047, complete control over REE is necessary. Today we import 95% of REE from China, but we have the third largest reserve in the world. According to the USGS 2025 report, our production is only 2,900 tonnes every year, which is not even 1% of China’s 270,000 tonnes.

According to experts, if we want to become the world leader in EV, defense and green energy by 2047, then in the next 22 years we will have to create the entire supply chain like China ourselves.

• The short-term target for 2030 is to increase production 10 times.
• IREL’s Odisha plant will have to be doubled to increase NdPr production to 450 tonnes by 2026 and 900 tonnes by 2030.
• GSI will have to explore 1,200 blocks by 2030-31. 195 are already running.
• The capacity of REPM plant in Visakhapatnam will be 3,000 kg per annum.

A major police operation was conducted on Tuesday (28 October 2025) in Rio de Janeiro, the capital of the South American country Brazil. About 2,500 policemen were involved in this operation. The main target of the action was the drug gang Red Command, which has been active in favelas for many years.

The operation began in the morning, when police entered several areas with helicopters and armored vehicles. As soon as the security forces started moving forward, the gang members opened intense fire at the police. The encounter between the two sides continued for hours, in which more than 130 people died. Four policemen are also said to be among those killed.

Tension on the streets of Rio after the encounter
After the incident the atmosphere of the city became very tense. In many areas, dead bodies remained lying on the roads and local people protested against it. The family members alleged that the police also opened fire on innocent people. Many families demonstrated by placing the dead bodies on the streets and called this action a massacre.

Supreme Court sought accountability
The Supreme Court of Brazil has itself taken cognizance of this incident. Justice Alexander de Moraes has asked the state government and police officials to submit a detailed report. The court has asked whether all the deceased have been identified and whether the forensic investigation has been completed. The court also said that if there is a violation of rules in the use of force, then it is a serious threat to democratic values ​​and human rights.

Criticism from human rights organizations
The United Nations (UN) and Human Rights Watch (HRW) have given a strong reaction to this operation. Both organizations say that this is an action like collective punishment in the name of law. The UN Human Rights Commission said in a statement that transparency and accountability are necessary in such a large number of deaths. Local NGOs said that apart from bullets, knife-like wounds were found on many dead bodies, which probably point towards extra-judicial killing i.e. killing without legal process.

Police side fight against narco terrorism
Rio Police said in its statement that this operation was against narco-terrorism. According to him, Red Command had been trying to take over the areas of rival gang Third Pure Command (TCP) in recent months, due to which the violence had increased. Police say that the gang had modern weapons, grenades and drones. According to the police spokesperson, our aim was to destroy the hideouts of these gangs so that security can be ensured in civilian areas.

Old roots of Rio’s drug war
Rio de Janeiro has long been infamous for drug mafia and police encounters. Many crime organizations are active in the favelas, of which the Red Command is the oldest and most influential gang. It not only controls the drug trade but also maintains its hold on local services like electricity, water and security. Every year hundreds of civilians are killed in these gang wars. Often police action turns so violent that even innocent people become victims.

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The news of death of 15 people in a road accident has come to light on Saturday (18 October 2025) in Pernambuco, Brazil. The driver, who was driving the bus in the wrong direction on a highway in eastern Brazil, lost control and the vehicle overturned after hitting some rocks on the roadside.

15 killed in Brazil road accident

According to the report of news agency AFP, there were 30 passengers in this bus, out of which 11 women and 4 men have died. Many passengers are also said to be injured. Police said the driver suffered minor injuries and was not driving under the influence of alcohol. He has been taken to the police station for further questioning. The vehicle had departed from the state of Bahia and crashed in Saloa, a city in the neighboring state of Pernambuco.

Administration engaged in rescue work

Police said there were indications that some passengers were not wearing seat belts at the time of the accident. Some passengers came out of the bus during the accident. Local Governor Jeronimo Teixeira posted on Twitter that his administration was assisting in rescue operations and the identification of victims. He wrote, “I am monitoring the situation with my team and express my deep condolence at the loss of lives, property, injuries and the grief of all the families.”

More than 10 thousand people died in a year

According to the Brazilian Transport Ministry, more than 10,000 people are expected to die in road accidents here in 2024. In April, 11 people, including two children, were killed when a passenger bus overturned in south-eastern Brazil. In February, a bus carrying university students collided with a truck on a highway in Sao Paulo state, killing 12 passengers. In September, a bus carrying the Coritiba Crocodiles football team overturned on a road, killing three people.

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US President Donald Trump said on Monday that he made a “very good” phone call with Brazilian President Luiz Eneasio Lula Da Silva. Trump described this conversation as important and described it as a positive step towards improving relations between the two countries.

Meeting in the United Nations

Trump said that he had also met Lula in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). Trump recalled, “I was going to give a speech and I did not have a teleprompter. At the same time I met President Lula. I found him a very good person. We talked about two minutes, and then I went to give a speech. The leaders of every country were present there.” The meeting took place two weeks ago after a brief but friendly conversation in New York.

First serious conversation after tariff

The specialty of this call is that it was his first serious and detailed conversation after the US imposed 50% tariff on Brazilian items in this summer. It is believed that the White House is trying to reduce stress and improve bilateral relations.

Trump said this big thing

Trump told in his Truth Social Post that this call was very good and it was discussed on economy, business and other subjects. He said: “We will interact further and soon we will meet in both Brazil and America. I enjoyed this call. Our countries will do very well together.”

The two leaders interacted through a video conference for 30 minutes. During this, he discussed the personal meeting and also shared the phone numbers. Brazilian Finance Minister Fernando Haddad described this call as “positive”.

Impact on America-Brazilian relations

According to analysts, this initiative is an important step towards reducing business and economic stress between the two countries. This is the first serious contact between Trump and Lula, which can promote American-Brazil business cooperation and political dialogue in the future.

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US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnik has targeted the tariff case. He said that countries like India and Brazil should open their markets and react to America by avoiding policies that harm American interests.

Lutenik said in an interview that we have to improve many countries, such as Switzerland, Brazil, India. These are countries that need to give proper response to America. He further said that these countries will have to open their markets and stop actions that harm America.

‘Indian businessmen will finally pressurize the Modi government’

Let me tell you that a few days ago, Lutnik had said that India’s words in business talks were largely symbolic and they had predicted that New Delhi would return to the conversation table in a month or two. He further said that Indian businessmen will finally pressurize Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government to compromise with Washington.

Lutenik told Bloomberg that so I think this is all a show, because you like to fight with the world’s biggest customer, but in the end your businessman will say that you have to stop all this and compromise with America.

They have to come back to America- Lootnik
Lutnik, while presenting this issue in a clear economic context, reminded the rest of the countries that the United States remains the largest consumer market in the world. He said that we are consumers of the world. People have to remember that our 30 trillion dollar economy is the consumer of the world. So finally they (Switzerland, Brazil, India) will have to come back to the customer (America), because we all know that ultimately the customer is right.

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The Trump administration of America has imposed 50 percent tariff on both India and Brazil. Both these countries have been imposed the most tariffs compared to the rest of the world. Regarding this, Brazilian President Louis Ishinio Lula is openly expressing his displeasure against Dr. Silva Donald Trump.

Silva has now made it clear that he does not have any kind of relationship with Trump. Not only this, he has described the American tariff as political enmity with Brazil.

‘American public will have to bear the brunt’
In a conversation with the BBC, Brazilian President Silva warned that due to the tariff, now the American people will have to spend more money for Brazilian products like coffee and meat. He had earlier said that the American public will have to bear the brunt of the mistake that is making about his relationship with President Trump, Brazil.

When Lula Dr. Silva was asked why he did not try to contact Trump, he said that I never tried to call, because he never had to talk. While the special thing is that Trump had said that the President of Brazil can call him anytime. Silva told that the people of the Trump administration do not want to talk.

Silva’s big statement about Trump
In a conversation with the BBC, Silva raised many questions about Trump. He said that he came to know about the tariff from Brazilian newspapers. He said that this is not a good way to talk. He also objected to Trump posting information about tariffs on social media. He said that I do not have relations with Trump, because when Trump was first elected, I was not the President. They belong to Bolsonaro, not Brazil. At the same time, Silva also said that Trump can be the President of America, but is not the Emperor of the world.

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