China has once again shocked the world with its exploits. Biology samples recently returned from China’s Shenzhou-21 space mission reached the Space Application Engineering Center in Beijing in the early hours of Saturday (November 15, 2025). According to the report of Global Times and Chinese Academy of Sciences, the batch that has returned to Earth this time is being considered special because it includes four rats, zebra fish, planarian, hornwort, brain organoid and the microorganism Streptomyces. The total weight is approximately 46.67 kg and these relate to 26 research projects.

Live specimens such as rats were handled immediately upon reaching the centre. There scientists have started studying their behavior, physical changes and biological reactions. How does living in space change the body? How does the immune system react and what is the difference between the nervous system? All these aspects will be investigated in depth. In the next phase, these will be studied at cell level, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis will be done. This research will play an important role in preparing for future human space travel and long-duration lunar or planetary missions.

Four mice and other samples brought back to Earth from #China‘s space station @CNSpaceStation for further testing pic.twitter.com/xvNXJJV26A

— ShanghaiEyeofficial (@ShanghaiEye) November 16, 2025

Advanced things returned from space, new scientific indications

Along with biology, many important material science samples were also brought back to Earth. These include tungsten–hafnium alloys, new magnetic materials, relaxor ferroelectric crystals, and special combustion models. The behavior of any substance in the microgravity environment present in space is completely different from that on Earth. In such an environment, the crystal structure, solidification process, chemical structure and electromagnetic properties change strangely. Researchers in Beijing will study in depth what changes occur in these materials due to space. These results will open the way for new technologies in the future that can be used in the construction of lunar bases, more robust solar panels, special optical fibers and secure space communication systems.

New understanding of fire behavior

The fire science samples returned from Shenzhou-21 are also very important for scientists. The behavior of fire in space stations is different from that on Earth, because in the absence of gravity the flow of heat, oxygen and gases changes completely. Based on the returned samples, experts will try to understand how the fuel burns, what shape the flame takes and how the temperature fluctuates. Such studies will improve the safety of future spacecraft, make energy systems more efficient, and address potential fire problems in long-duration space missions.

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Pakistan will send its first ATronaut in 2026 with the cooperation of China. For the first time in 2026, a Pakistani Astronaut will be sent to China’s Tiangong space station. Let us know that Pakistan’s space agency ‘Suparco’ was formed in 1961 while India’s space agency ‘ISRO’ was established in 1969. That means about eight years ago from India’s space agency, but it did not achieve as much success as ISRO has left behind.

History of ‘Suparko’

When Pakistan founded ‘Suparko’ in 1961, an attempt was made to strengthen it under the leadership of Nobel Prize winning scientist Abdus Salaam. In 1962, Suparco launched the Rehbar-1 rocket with the help of NASA. He became the 10th country in the world to do so. ‘Rehbar-1’ was a two-stage rocket that aims to study the upper atmosphere of the Earth. At that time, India’s space program, which was formalized as ISRO in 1969, was in the initial phase. After this, the first satellite ‘Badar-1’ was launched in 1990 with the help of China. But after this Suparko’s performance has been very limited. Let us know what were the reasons for this.

Reason for staying behind Suparko

The biggest reason is political and economic instability. Suparko’s debut was encouraging, but in the 1970s, the Pakistan government focused on nuclear weapons rather than space research. Due to which Suparco faced the fund and lack of resources. Another reason for the failure of Suparco is lack of education and talent. Suparko lacks indigenous launch vehicle. Instead of scientists, military officers were entrusted with the leadership of the agency, which has weakened the scientific direction. Not only this, Pakistan is mostly dependent on China. In recent years, three satellites were launched with the help of China. Now in 2026 too, Pakistan is dependent on China’s space station to send the first astronaut. Suparco has so far launched only 6 satellites, most of which were with the help of China. While India has completed many missions independently.

ISRO’s success

Today ISRO is ahead of Pakistan not only in scientific achievements but also from economic and strategic perspective. ISRO’s success is a matter of pride for India, while Suparco needs strong political will and investment for regeneration. ISRO emphasized scientific leadership and long -term approach. ISRO launched its first satellite Aryabhata in 1975. Not only this, ISRO has launched 424 satellites for 34 countries. Successful landing on the southern pole of Chandrayaan-3 Moon in 2023 and the success of Nisar Mission in 2025 shows the technical superiority of ISRO.

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