,The blisters of the heart got burnt due to the scars on the chest,
This house caught fire from the house lamp…’

urdu poet mahtab rai copper This famous couplet is about Pakistan and its Army Chief Asim Munir But fits well. Now you will think why so? So let us tell you that Asim Munir By amending the Constitution of Pakistan, all three Army Has taken the command and button of the atomic bomb in his hands. on 10th November Senate And on November 11, the lower house approved the bill. Asim Munir His speeches are full of religious words and references. Munir ideology of Pakistani Army It has penetrated so deeply that they have created their own imaginary enemies. This may or may not cause harm to any other country, but it will destroy Pakistan itself.

so come A.B.P. explainer I understand that Asim Munir What changes did Pakistan make in the Constitution, how powerful did Pakistan become? Army How else will the Chief sink with Pakistan…

Question 1- Pakistani Army In CDF What is the position of and how powerful is it?,
answer- Still Chief of Pakistan defense forces ,CDF) There was no post named. this particular Asim Munir For woven going. Along with this, the current chairman joint Chiefs Off Staff Committee (CJCSC, The post of will be abolished on 27 November 2025. CDF He will be the head of all three armies…

• CDF After becoming the Army Chief (COAS) entire military services army, navy And air force But you will get constitutional rights.
• With this, for the first time the post of Army Chief will be permanently recorded in the Constitution as the supreme military power.
• So far CJCSC Used to create mutual coordination between the three armies. while the real power Army Chief used to have, but now both things CDF Will be near.
• army to the chief CDF Will also be given the post of. On the advice of the President and Prime Minister CDF Forces Will appoint.
• NSC a new one named command Will be made. It is called nuclear weapons and missiles Of control Will be given. Prime Minister is responsible for this In place of CDF Will be near.

Question 2- Asim Munir To CDF what happened to make,
answer- Shahbaz The government is making changes in the constitution for this. The bill related to this will be passed in the upper house of the Parliament i.e. on November 10. Senate I passed. 64 votes were cast in its favor, while the opposition walkout Did it.

• Pakistani News website ARYA News According to, on November 11, the lower house i.e. National assembly This bill was introduced in, which was passed. But it will be presented again after making some amendments. It is expected to be passed again.
• This bill is being considered as the biggest and controversial proposal in the history of Pakistan. It is being said that this will change both the justice system and military structure of the country. The Constitution of Pakistan is of 1973, in which the 27th amendment is now going on.
• National is a very special part of the 27th constitutional amendment. strategic command ,NSC, Formation of. it command Pakistan’s nuclear weapons and missile system monitoring and control Will do.
• Pakistani Newspaper don In the report of expert It has been quoted that this will make the army in the country more powerful. The ongoing amendment to the Constitution will permanently enshrine the rights of the Army in the Constitution.
• Any future civilian government will not be able to easily reverse these changes. This means that in practice the role of ‘President’s Supreme Commander’ will remain only formal.

Question 3- Asim Munir For CDF How important is the post of,
answer- of India in May 2025 operation after vermilion Munir To field Marshall Got the honor of. This was the second such post of Pakistan. first in 1959 Ayub Khan had given himself. President Asif Ali Zardari and prime minister Shahbaz Sharif of Islamabad President This title was given in the House on 20 May 2025. But field marsh This title was constitutionally unsafe. Hence the issue of 27th amendment arose.

• pakistan newspaper don According to, this amendment Asim Munir to not only lifetime privilege gives them, rather COAS together with CDS Also assigns the post of. Law Minister Azam Nazir Tarar by Senate said in, ,this title lifelong Is of. like in other countries Marshall of the air Force or Admiral of the Fleet It happens., it Munir It is very important for them because on 28th November they retire Are going to happen. In such a situation, if I get this post, then They lifelong retire Will not happen.
• The don Of according toThe task of weakening the Supreme Court was carried out by former military ruler General Zia.ul-Haq and Parvez Musharraf Now the elected Parliament is going to do the work which powerful people could not do in their times. This amendment will prove that Parliament has the power to change everything. Also, if she wants, she can break the backbone of the judiciary.
• Asim Munir Lived on-ul-are considered the rightful heirs of the right, because they Pakistani Army I talk about jihad. They Pakistani Army To islamic Army Want to make.

Question 4- The reason for all this happening is only Munir Is there sympathy for or something else?,
answer- experts According to, this amendment is the result of military-political alliance. Shahbaz Sharif government it ,modernization, told, but Story India-Pakistan are in conflict in May 2025. operation Pakistan claimed victory after Sindoor, this Munir of position Got stronger. Although, internal reports Had called it a failure.

politically Imran Khan’s political party pakistan movement-e-Insaf (PTI) Army support was necessary to suppress it. Imran are in jail and PTI An attempt was made to declare it a criminal organization. The alliance gathered majority for the amendment. Bilawal Bhutto said, ,We Article Will support military change of 243, but freedom in our province Roll back No.,

America remained silent at the international level. Trump the administration Munir To support did, but in the US Congress republican Who Wilson And democrat jimmy Paneta by ,pakistan democracy act, introduced, which Munir Attempts to ban. still Sudi arab and West with asia Munir Of defense pact Made it easy.

Question 5- What? Munir Giving immense power to Pakistan will be a problem for Pakistan only.,
answer- foreign affairs expert and JNU retired from professor A. Of. Pasha According to, this amendment can prove fatal for Pakistan in the long run. Al Jazeera report said, ,This will give permanent dominance to the army, which will weaken democracy., Other than this…

• institutional imbalance, east of pakistan defense secretary Asif Yaseen Malik That said, it seems to be built for a single person, not to strengthen the defense structure. navy And Air Dissatisfaction may increase in the force, leading to internal rebellion or weak coordination.
• end of democracy, movement-A-Tahafuj n-e-Pakistan (TTAP, Declared nationwide protests on 9 November. Akhund On Jiya’s poster ,Long liv Democracy, down with Dictatorship, wrote. This will increase political instability and cause more damage to the already struggling economy.
• threat of nuclear risk, nuclear command to depend on one person miscalculation Will increase. This will lead to India or afghanistan Tension may deepen with. Munir of ambition Will promote personal decisions.
• Munir to destroy pakistan, History is witness to this Ayub Khan (1958), Zia-ul-Haq (1977) and Parvez Musharraf (1999) destabilized military power. Munir Greed for power can lead to economic crisis, corruption and rebellion. This civil-military This will make the imbalance permanent, which will hollow out Pakistan from within.

Today is the 38th day of the government shutdown in America that started on October 1. This is the longest shutdown in American history. Earlier, during the first term of President Donald Trump, government work was at a standstill for 35 days. Due to the shutdown, food supply to 42 million Americans has been stopped and millions of employees have been sent on leave. From November 7, flights were reduced by 10% at 40 airports including New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. The situation in America is worsening day by day because Trump does not want to spend on health insurance.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer why there was a shutdown in America, how the issue of health insurance became the reason for the shutdown and what impact it will have on India…

Question 1- What is the shutdown in America and when has it happened?
answer- America’s fiscal year, i.e. the year of expenditure, starts from October 1. In a way, this is the economic year of the government, in which it plans to spend its money and make the budget. Congress has to pass 12 appropriation bills by September 30, which provide money to run the government for the entire year. During this time the government decides where to invest money, like in army, health or education.

If the new budget is not passed by this date, the President does not sign it. Due to this, government work (non-essential) stops. This is called shutdown. There is money in the American treasury, but there is no legal permission to spend it. This is the 22nd funding gap and 11th complete shutdown since 1977. According to Congressional Research Service America-

• December 2018- 35 days
• February 2018- 1 day
• January 2018- 3 days
• September 2013- 16 days
• December 1995- 21 days
• November 1995- 5 days

Question 2- Why was there the longest shutdown ever in America?
answer- There are 3 big reasons for the continued shutdown…

1. Congress could not pass funding bill: Congress had to pass 12 appropriation bills by September 30, which would have provided money for FY2026 (October 1, 2025 to September 30, 2026). But no bill was passed. The House passed a ‘clean’ continuing resolution (CR) that would have extended funding until November 21, but it failed in the Senate because Democrats blocked it.
2. Obama takes a stand on health care subsidies: Both the major parties of America, Democrats and Republicans, are at loggerheads over the Obama Health Care Subsidy Program. Democrats want to increase health care (health insurance) subsidies, which expire on December 31, 2025. It started in 2021 under Covid Relief and was extended till 2025 in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. Without it, health insurance premiums for 24 million Americans would increase by an average of 114%. This average is $888 annually in 2025, which will increase to $1904 annually in 2026. Democrats say they will pass a CR only if the subsidies are extended for 2 years and the Medicaid cuts made in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of July 2025 are reversed. He blocked Republican CR 14 times in the Senate.
3. Republicans’ stand: They say pass clean CR, health care will be discussed later. Trump said, ‘Democrats are holding Americans hostage, end the filibuster.’ Republicans have 53 seats in the Senate, but need 60 votes, so Democrats are needed.

Apart from this, the shutdown has been described as an ‘unprecedented opportunity’ to cut agencies. Attempts have been made to fire thousands of federal workers. In the mayoral elections held on November 5, 2025, Republicans lost in New Jersey and Virginia, which Trump blamed on the shutdown. In polls, 78% of Americans (including 59% of Republicans) want subsidy extension.

Question 3- What is the impact of the shutdown in America?
answer- According to the October 29 report of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), a loss of $ 11 billion (about Rs 1 lakh crore) has been incurred so far. If the shutdown does not end soon, real GDP growth will decline by 1-2% points in the fourth quarter of the financial year 2025-26. Most will be recovered, but the permanent loss will range from $7 billion to $14 billion.

• Impact on Food Stamps (SNAP): This is a government assistance program that helps low-income families and individuals in the United States purchase nutritious food. So that the lower middle class families get good food and do not face starvation. People who are eligible for these stamps receive an electronic card that they use to purchase food at grocery stores. Due to the shutdown, about 4.2 crore population will be deprived of food stamps. In November, people received only 65% ​​of the benefits, because USDA had only $6 billion, whereas $8 billion was needed.
• Impact on flights and air travel: From 7th November i.e. today, 10% flight reduction started at 40 major airports because air traffic controllers got tired of working without salary. After the shutdown, there has been a 4% cut, then 6%, 8% and now 10%. United Airlines has canceled many flights.
• Bad effect on employees: About 7.5 lakh government employees are on leave without salary. Essential employees like army, police, border security and air traffic controllers have to work without salary. According to CBO, the employees sent on forced leave are losing about $400 million (Rs 3,300 crore) in salary per day. CBO Director Philip Swagel said the shutdown is delaying government spending and has a negative impact on the economy.
• Impact on Atomic Weapons Agency: The National Nuclear Security Agency has sent 1,400 employees on leave. Energy Secretary Chris Wright said two weeks ago that this had never happened before and could affect the security of nuclear weapons.

Question 4- Then when can the shutdown in America end?
answer- Currently, there is a condition of filibuster in the US Parliament, through which MPs can deliberately prolong the debate on a bill, so that voting on it gets delayed or cannot be done at all. In the US Senate, there is a process called ‘Clotter’ to end the debate and voting on any proposal. For this, support of at least 60 out of 100 senators is required. For this reason Trump’s funding bill is stuck. The opposition uses this rule only to stop the law from being passed, no matter how important the issue is. The purpose of the filibuster is to ensure that the minority party also gets the right to express its views in law making. No party should exercise dictatorship merely on the basis of its numbers.

Foreign affairs expert and retired JNU professor A. Of. Pasha says, ‘The shutdown in America can last a very long time because the Republicans and Democrats are face to face. The internal condition of America has become very bad. Due to Trump’s policies, participation in wars and fanaticism, America’s treasury is on the verge of becoming empty. The shutdown is just a curtain behind which Trump is hiding his shortcomings and losses. They are not able to tell the American people that this America is no longer a superpower like before. They are entangling people in enmity with China and Russia and the poor and middle class people there are facing problems.

Question 5- Is India also being affected by the American shutdown?
answer- A. Of. Pasha says, ‘Trump has put pressure on India to import food products, which he is continuously increasing. Trump wants American dairy products, grains, crops and meat to be sold in India. The Indian government should buy from America instead of its own farmers, so that America starts earning. As America is losing money due to the shutdown, India is also being affected. Trump is upset that people inside the country are not following his rules and other countries have also started ignoring him.

New York, the city that never sleeps in the world. Where dreams are sold and struggles are won. On November 4, when long queues formed at Matzaan centres, the city was electing its 111th mayor. As soon as the results came, one name echoed – Zohran Kwame Mamdani. This 34-year-old young MLA not only defeated former Governor Andrew Cuomo, but also left behind Trump’s Republican Party’s Curtis Sliwa. Zoharan became the first Muslim mayor of the world’s largest and richest city. Zoharan is multi-religious, that is, father Mahmood Mamdani is Muslim, mother Mira Nair is Hindu and wife Kayla Santosuosso is American Christian. Therefore, by winning the mayor election, Zoharan has taught India a big lesson.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer how a Muslim became the mayor of a Christian-Jewish city, how big a thing it is to become the mayor of New York and what India can learn from Zoharan’s victory…

Question 1- How big is Zohran Mamdani’s victory in New York City and how was it achieved?
answer- New York is not just a city, but it is the economic engine of America. New York’s GDP in 2024 was more than 2.32 trillion. If we consider it as a country, it would be the 13th largest economy in the world. The city is a hub of finance, healthcare, tech, biotechnology, real estate and insurance.

There is Wall Street in New York, where global trade takes place. The policies here affect the national markets. One decision of the Mayor can change the business practice of the entire country. The headquarters of the United Nations (UN) is in New York, which talks about world peace. The population of this city is about 88 lakhs, of which 37% are immigrants. Mamdani’s victory is historic for progressives, as he is the first South Asian, first Muslim and the youngest mayor (34 years) since 1892.

Zohran Mamdani got victory due to these 4 big reasons…

1. Inflation issue: Mamdani focused on only one thing in the entire campaign that New York has become very expensive. He said that the job of the government is to make people’s lives easier. Slogans written on the banners put up in his rallies were to build a city that we can afford and build affordable houses.
2. Direct connection with the public: Most of the time in politics things are said in a twisted manner, but Mamdani spoke very clearly. He openly said that tax the rich, increase child care and make housing a right. Mamdani said in the campaign, ‘This city belongs to the workers, not to the 1% rich.’
3. Correct use of internet: Mamdani did not get the support of big leaders of the party, but he took the help of the public and the internet. They held scavenger hunts, football tournaments, and late-night pop-up events at LGBTQ bars. According to the New York Times, he broke all the old rules and built relationships directly with people.
4. Focus on youth workers: Mamdani increased the number of volunteers. The youth included in his campaign team are even younger than him. Most had little experience of working on such a large scale. But they proved to be more capable and effective than ordinary advisors and strategists.

Question 2- Zoharan’s multi-religious image, then how did he become the mayor of a Christian-Jewish city?
answer- Zoharan was born on 18 October 1991 in Kampala, Uganda. His father Mahmood Mamdani is a renowned academic, born in a Gujarati Muslim family in Mumbai. Mother Meera Nair was born in a Hindu Brahmin family in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. He is a famous film director, who has made films like ‘Salaam Bombay’, ‘Monsoon Wedding’ and ‘Kama Sutra’. Whereas Zoharan’s wife is a Christian. Zoharan had a civil marriage in 2024 without religious rituals. Zoharan had said in an interview, ‘My family keeps religion private, but allows culture to breathe.’

Zoharan is a Shia Muslim, but he has become the mayor of a Christian-dominated city. According to the Pew Research Center report, New York has a 57% Christian population, of which 32% are Catholic Christians and 25% are Protestant Christians. Jews are 11%, Muslims are 9% and atheists are 25%. Still, 59% Christian voters supported Mamdani’s victory, because here voting is not on religion but on issues. Mamdani’s victory is a slap to those who weaponize religion. Cuomo made ‘Islamophobic attacks’ on Mamdani, but voters rejected. This shows that unity in diversity is possible. A Muslim mayor, who will work for everyone. Mamdani said in the victory speech, ‘I am a Muslim, but I am a mayor for the people.’

According to CBS News, Mamdani received 50.4% of the votes until 91% of the votes were counted. After him, independent candidate Cuomo got 41.6% votes, while Republican candidate Curtis Sliwa got 7% ​​votes. Mamdano received more than 1 million votes, which no New York mayoral candidate had received since 1969. More than 20 lakh people voted in this election, which is double as compared to the previous election. This clearly shows that being a Muslim candidate does not matter, but the issues matter.

Question 3- How did Mamdani win despite the threats of US President Donald Trump?
answer- Trump tried hard to defeat Mamdani. Trump also threatened that if Mamdani won the election, New York’s federal funding would be cut. But Mamdani replied that these were threats, not laws. That is, despite the threat of the world’s most powerful President, the people of New York chose Mamdani, because New York is the bastion of democracy. Mamdani was born in Uganda and New York is populated by immigrants. Mamdani also benefited from this.

After Mamdani’s victory on November 5, Trump wrote on the social media platform Truth – ‘And now it has started.’

Question 4- What lesson does India learn from Zohran Mamdani’s victory?
answer- Dr. Rajan Kumar, foreign affairs expert and JNU professor, says, ‘The politics of India and America are completely different. There are more immigrants in New York, that is, people from different countries have come and settled. They focus on grassroots issues instead of religious politics. They want a leader who fulfills their daily needs and not one who divides on religion. Zoharan promised to solve grassroots issues, due to which he became mayor.

Dr. Rajan Kumar further says, ‘India should learn the politics of development from the New York elections. The youth of India wants development, wants jobs, wants low inflation and cheap things and is troubled by the corporate culture. If politicians contest elections on these issues then development like New York can happen here too. Today’s youth does not see temples and mosques, they see facilities. But the real thing is that the reins of the country are in the hands of old politicians and they want to do politics of religion. The real thing or the bitter truth is that Mamdani’s victory will have no impact in India, because no one here wants to learn from Mamdani’s victory.