On November 2, US President Donald Trump, while giving an interview to CBS News, said that Pakistan is conducting nuclear tests. Now America needs to conduct nuclear tests again. Trump claimed that America has so many nuclear weapons that the world can be destroyed 150 times, but due to the activities of Russia and China, testing is necessary. It is noteworthy that America conducted its last nuclear test on 23 September 1992. Now due to Trump’s statement the nuclear bomb has come into discussion again.

So let us understand in ABP Explainer what is the meaning of Trump’s statement, why are all the countries increasing their nuclear stockpile and how this bomb can destroy the whole world 0 times…

Question 1- What statement did Donald Trump give regarding nuclear bombs and what is its meaning?
answer- On November 2, Donald Trump appeared on American news channel CBS’s ’60 Minutes’ program. Trump was asked that except North Korea, no one is doing nuclear test, so why are you doing it? On this, Trump said that Russia, Pakistan and China are also doing secret tests, but the world does not know. We have to talk about this because otherwise you guys will report. They don’t have journalists who can write about this. We will test, because they test, others also test and of course North Korea is testing. In fact Trump has already ordered the Ministry of Defense (Pentagon) to start testing nuclear weapons immediately.

On the question of when and where to conduct nuclear tests again after three decades, Trump simply said, ‘We have testing sites, it will be announced soon.’ When Trump was asked whether he thought this could lead the world into a more dangerous nuclear environment, Trump said, ‘I think we have kept it under control to a great extent.’

Question 2- When was the world’s first atomic bomb made and how many countries have this weapon?
answer- The making of the world’s first atomic bomb began in December 1938, when scientists Otto Hahn and Fritz Straussmann in a German lab bombarded uranium-235 atoms with intense neutrons. Due to this, the uranium atom suddenly broke into two parts and a huge amount of energy was released. This experiment was called nuclear fission. Jewish scientist Lisa Meitner said that if it causes a chain reaction, tremendous energy will be released. American scientists felt that a major weapon had come into the hands of Nazi Germany.

After this, in June 1942, America started preparing to make the atom bomb secretly on the 18th floor of a building in Manhattan. The ‘Manhattan Project’ started under the leadership of American Brigadier General Leslie Groves and scientist Julius Robert Oppenheimer. 100 tons of uranium were collected in 2 months and Oppenheimer built a laboratory in the ravines of Los Alamos, New Mexico to work on the design.

Two years later, in July 1945, two bombs of uranium and plutonium were ready. On July 16, 1945, America successfully tested the first bomb in Trinity. On 6 August 1945, the uranium bomb ‘Little Boy’ was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan and on 9 August 1945, the plutonium bomb ‘Fatman’ was dropped on Nagasaki. About 1.5 lakh people were killed instantly in both the blasts. After this many countries started making nuclear bombs.

• On August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union made the atomic bomb ‘First Thunder’. The successful test took place at 7 am in the desert area near the Aral Sea in Kazakhstan (then part of the Soviet Union).
• On October 3, 1952, the United Kingdom created an atomic bomb named ‘Hurricane’. Successfully tested near Montebello Islands.
• On 13 February 1960, France successfully tested the nuclear bomb ‘Jerbois Blue’ in the Sahara Desert in Algeria (then a French colony).
• On October 16, 1964, the first atomic bomb was successfully tested in the Gobi Desert of Xinjiang province in China. This ‘Su596’ was a utanium-implosion fission bomb.
• On 18 May 1974, India conducted a successful nuclear test in Pokhran, Rajasthan. In this nuclear project named ‘Smiling Buddha’, P-1 i.e. Plutonium-Implosion Fission Device nuclear bomb was tested.
• On 28 May 1998, in response to India’s nuclear test, Pakistan also tested its first nuclear bomb ‘Chagai-1’. This happened in the Chagai hills of Balochistan province.
• On October 9, 2006, North Korea also made a nuclear bomb. This bomb was tested at the Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site in north-eastern Korea.

Question 3- When did which countries stop nuclear tests and why?
answer- The nuclear testing spree led to more than 2,000 explosions, most of which occurred between 1950–1990. But global protests increased due to radioactive fallout. In 1954, America’s Castle Bravo test sickened Japanese fishermen, causing an uproar in the world. After this, on April 2, 1954, the then Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru for the first time demanded a ‘Standstill Agreement’ i.e. a ban on tests.

The first major step in banning nuclear tests was the ‘Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), which was signed by the US, Soviet Union and Britain in Moscow on 5 August 1963. It came into force on 10 October 1963 and prohibited atmospheric, space and underwater tests. China did not sign PTBT. The most important measure to ban nuclear tests was the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 September 1996. Then it was signed by 76 countries. It completely banned all types of nuclear tests.

• Soviet Union: No confirmed explosive test has been conducted since 1990.
• America: No nuclear test has been conducted since 1992. The last atmospheric test was done in 1962.
• United Kingdom: The last nuclear test was conducted in 1991. There was no test after this.
• France: The last test was conducted underground in French Polynesia in 1996.
• China: By 1996, China limited the tests and stopped them altogether by July 29.
• India: The last successful nuclear test was conducted in Pokhran in 1998, which was named ‘Shakti-1’.
• Pakistan: The last nuclear test was conducted with ‘Chagai-2’ in 1998.
• North Korea: The last nuclear test was conducted in 2017. North Korea is the only country that conducted tests in the 21st century.

To avoid the threat of nuclear bombs, nuclear disarmament was started, which means completely eliminating nuclear weapons, so that the world becomes weapon-free. This is the origin of the NPT, which came into force on 5 March 1970. 191 countries signed. Under this, it was said that there should be a ban on making new weapons, destruction of existing ones and peaceful use.

Question 4- So now which countries have how many nuclear bombs and how many times can they destroy the world?
answer- According to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), a total of 9 countries in the world have nuclear weapons.

1. Russia has the maximum number of 5,459 nuclear bombs.
2. America has 5,177 nuclear bombs.
3. China has 600 nuclear weapons.
4. France has 290 nuclear bombs.
5. Britain has 225 nuclear bombs.
6. India has a stockpile of 180 nuclear bombs.
7. Pakistan has 170 nuclear bombs.
8. Israel has 90 nuclear bombs.
9. North Korea has 50 nuclear bombs.

Apart from this, there have been reports of Israel also having a nuclear bomb, but it has not been confirmed. It is said that Israel is secretly making nuclear bombs.

According to SIPRI report, a nuclear bomb can destroy a city within minutes. There are 12,241 nuclear warheads worldwide, whose total explosive capacity is more than 2,500 megatons. The Hiroshima bomb was 0.015 megatons, so this is equivalent to 1.66 lakh Hiroshima bombs. But the danger is not just explosion, but ‘nuclear winter’. If 100 Hiroshima-like bombs are dropped in a regional war like India-Pakistan, then 50 lakh tonnes of smoke will go into the stratosphere, which will block sunlight. Crops will be destroyed for two decades and people will die of starvation.

According to SIPRI report, about 3 thousand nuclear warheads can destroy the Earth 50-100 times. If this is estimated, then the world can be destroyed more than 300 times with a total of 12,241 nuclear warheads. Russia has the world’s most powerful nuclear bomb, which is named ‘Tsar Bomb’. It is of 50 megatons. But this danger is so great that scientists say, ‘Even a limited war can end civilization.’

Question 5- Are any countries still trying to make nuclear bombs?
answer- Apart from 9 countries, there are many ‘threshold states’ which can make weapons. Iran is at the top among these. According to the report of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) dated May 31, 2025, Iran has 408 kg of 60% uranium, which can make many bombs. Iran’s Kavir plan is working on long-range missiles, which is based on North Korean design. However, Israeli and American attacks have damaged Iran’s nuclear program to a great extent.

Apart from this, Saudi Arabia has said that if Iran makes a nuclear bomb, we will also make it. Public support has increased in South Korea and Japan, but is being held back due to American guarantees. Turkey and Germany are also ‘hedgers’, they have the capacity but not the political will. According to SIPRI, Iran-Israel tension may increase the regional competition to make nuclear bombs.

Question 6- So what is the meaning of Trump’s statement? Is the nuclear race about to start?
answer- Retired Lieutenant General of the Indian Army and defense expert Sanjay Kulkarni says, ‘The Russia-Ukraine war and America-China tension have created a situation like a second cold war. Russia had suspended the New START treaty in 2023, which set limits on the weapons of both countries. China is producing 100 new warheads every year. Pakistan is also conducting nuclear tests. The recent earthquakes that occurred in Afghanistan do not seem to be of any natural disaster but of nuclear testing.

Sanjay Kulkarni says that Trump has understood very well that a power like nuclear bomb should not increase in the hands of a country that promotes terrorism. They are openly warning that if the rest of the world does not give up on nuclear bombs, America will also start nuclear testing. Looking at the current situation, it seems that many countries are secretly working on making nuclear bombs. In such a situation, if nuclear war occurs, it will be difficult to control it.

On 6 August 1945, the US dropped a atomic bomb called ‘Little Boy’ on the city of Hiroshima in Japan. This was the first use of nuclear weapons during the war in the world. After the bomb fell, a large part of Hiroshima city was completely destroyed and about 1,40,000 people were killed. Three days later, on August 9, the US dropped another bomb on Nagasaki, the second city of Japan, in which about 70,000 people lost their lives.

Program organized at Shanti Memorial
A special program was organized at the Shanti Memorial of Hiroshima on 6 August 2025, on Wednesday on the 80th anniversary of this tragedy. Japanese Prime Minister Shegeru Ishiba, Hiroshima Mayor Kazumi Matsui and officials from all over the world participated in it. On this occasion, people expressed concern about the risk of increasing nuclear weapons and appealed for peace. Prime Minister Ishiba and other leaders laid flowers at the tomb.

More than 200,000 people lost their lives
About 2 lakh people died due to two atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Some people were immediately killed by the explosion, while many people died gradually due to diseases and burns caused by radiation. The effect of these bombs is still affecting the lives of people.

Painful stories of eyewitnesses
After the Hiroshima attack, the survived Shingo Naiito told the BBC that his father was badly burnt in the explosion and became blind. His skin was hanging and he could not even hold his son’s hand. His father and two younger siblings were killed in this attack.

Method and destruction of bomb drops
On the morning of 6 August, the US dropped a uranium -based atomic bomb named ‘Little Boy’ from a bombary aircraft. 44 seconds after falling from the bomb plane, about 500 meters above the ground burst into the air and became a huge fireball, which engulfed the entire city.

Horrific memories of childhood
Kunihiko Ida was only three years old when the attack took place. His house was less than one kilometer from the center of the explosion. After the blast, he was buried under the rubble, but his grandfather rescued him. However, his mother and sister passed away after some time due to diseases caused by radiation.

Effect of radiation for years
The effect of radiation in Hiroshima was seen for many years. People faced serious problems like skin diseases, bleeding and cancer. People survived in the attack are still victims of social discrimination, so many people kept their experiences hidden.

Some witnesses are still alive today
Now the number of eyewitnesses of Hiroshima attack is decreasing rapidly. Nearly 100 people are still alive, but many of them still do not want to tell their story for fear of that pain and social separation. For people like Kunihiko, these memories are such that it is very difficult to live again.