HIV infection is becoming a serious health crisis in Pakistan. According to recent data and WHO reports, this infection is no longer limited to just some special groups, but has spread to common families, women and children. Experts say that if it is not taken care of in time, it can become a serious threat to the coming generations.

There has been a rapid increase in HIV infection in Pakistan in the last 15 years. According to WHO data, 16,000 new HIV cases were recorded in Pakistan in 2010, while this number is expected to increase to 48,000 in 2024. This means that during this period the cases have increased almost three times i.e. 200 percent. This increase is not just numbers, but it indicates that the infection is now reaching people of every class and age.

What is WHO’s warning?

Experts say that earlier HIV was limited only to high-risk groups like drug users or those who received infected blood transfusions. But now this infection has spread to children, women and common people. WHO representative, Dr. Luo Dapeng, said that these outbreaks affecting children are a serious threat to the future of Pakistan. He stressed that everyone has to work together so that future generations remain safe from HIV.

What are the reasons for the spread of HIV infection in Pakistan?

There are many reasons for the rapid spread of HIV infection in Pakistan. These include unsafe injection and blood transfusion procedures, lack of infection control in hospitals, lack of HIV testing of pregnant women, unsafe sex and lack of awareness. According to the report, new cases of HIV among children aged 0-14 years in Pakistan were only 530 in 2010, while this number is expected to increase to 1,800 in 2023. In the recent outbreaks in cities like Larkana, Jacobabad and Mirpur Khas, more than 80 percent of the patients were found to be children. These figures show that now it is very important to take immediate steps to keep children safe from this infection.

WHO believes that if the government, health institutions and society together spread awareness, adopt safe health practices and conduct timely HIV testing and treatment, then the threat of this epidemic can be stopped, otherwise it is not only a health crisis but can become a big social and economic challenge for the future of Pakistan.

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These days, Pakistan is facing such a wave of HIV infection, which has exposed the weakness of the health system. According to the data shared by WHO and UNAIDS in the program organized on World AIDS Day, there has been an unusual increase in new cases of HIV in the country in the last decade. While about 16 thousand new cases were reported in the year 2010, this number will increase to 38 in 2024. This increase is being considered a big warning for Pakistan.

Pakistan’s Health Ministry has also acknowledged that HIV infection can no longer be controlled through government efforts alone. Director General of the Ministry, Dr. Ayesha Isani said that the community, doctors, paramedical staff and all health institutions need to work together to adopt safe medical practices. He also said that carelessness in injections and blood transfusion is the biggest reason for spreading the infection and it is very important to make the public aware about the disease and its prevention.

A large number of infected people do not know about the disease

About 3.5 lakh people in the country are infected with HIV, but the surprising thing is that a large population of them is not even aware of their disease. The situation among children is more worrying. While in the year 2010, about 530 cases were identified in young children, in 2023 this number increased to 1800. This means that the infection is spreading rapidly within homes and communities.

Treatment arrangements increased but very less as compared to the need

The number of patients taking antiretroviral therapy i.e. ART treatment has increased in Pakistan, but it is still far less in proportion to the need. While in 2013 only a little more than 6000 patients were on treatment, in 2024 this number has reached close to 55000. The number of ART centers has also now reached around 95. Despite this, very few people get their disease checked and the proportion of people taking treatment is also very low. The figures of patients with viral load under control are even weaker.

unsafe medical practices

Investigations conducted in many areas of the country show that the biggest sources of spread of infection are unsafe injections, repeatedly used syringes and blood transfusions without testing. Especially in districts like Larkana, Taunsa, Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Naushahro Firoz and Mirpur Khas, several outbreaks of HIV were reported and most of these infected children were children. These incidents have raised questions on the medical system of Pakistan.

Huge shortage in treatment of women and children

If pregnant women infected with HIV do not get adequate treatment, the risk of infection in newborn children also increases. In Pakistan only a small number still undergo medical monitoring during pregnancy. Same is the situation of those children who are already infected. Very few of these children receive regular treatment.

WHO warning

WHO’s Pakistan representative Dr. Luo Dapeng said that if timely action is not taken, the situation may become more serious. He also said that Pakistan will have to increase resources domestically and internationally and strengthen programs related to prevention and treatment, so that no adult or child is deprived of treatment.

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There is an atmosphere of awareness throughout Bihar on the occasion of World AIDS Day. Bihar State AIDS Control Committee and Health Department organized rallies, street plays, posters-banners and seminars from Patna to every district of the state. Its purpose was to give people correct information about HIV/AIDS, eliminate fear and tell them about prevention methods.

How many people are HIV positive in Bihar?

In a special conversation with ABP News, NK Gupta, head of the department of Bihar State AIDS Control Committee, explained many important things clearly. He said that currently about 97 thousand people are HIV positive in Bihar. Our committee is taking care of everyone. The good thing is that if the medication is taken regularly, this disease does not progress and the patient can live a normal life.

Why does AIDS happen?

NK Gupta told that HIV virus spreads through four main routes.

1. Unsafe sex. Most of the cases arise due to this reason.
2. Used needle. Because of this, drug addicts especially get HIV.
3. By transfusion of infected blood.
4. From pregnant mother to child, but now there is treatment for this too.

People have this misconception

The biggest misconception about being HIV positive is that if the mother has AIDS then the child will definitely have it too. it’s not like that at all. If the mother continues to take the right medicines during pregnancy, then up to 99% of the time the child is born completely healthy. This program is running very well in Bihar.

When do symptoms of AIDS start appearing?

NK Gupta said that no specific symptoms of HIV are visible for the first few years. When immunity becomes very weak i.e. this disease reaches its last stage, then its symptoms start appearing. He said that if any disease is recurring and is not getting cured then definitely get HIV test done once. There is nothing to be afraid of this.

• recurring fever
• prolonged diarrhea that does not go away
• rapid weight loss
• mouth ulcers, throat infection
• skin rashes or boils
• recurring pneumonia or TB

These methods of prevention are very easy

• Always use condom.
• Never share needles for drug addiction.
• A new blade and new needle should be used while getting a tattoo done in the salon.
• Trust a hospital that does screening before getting a blood transfusion or operation.
• If in doubt, get tested immediately. Its test is absolutely free.

Bihar is ready to deal with HIV

• There are 186 ART centers (medicine dispensing centers) in the entire state.
• Its medicine is completely free, which will be available throughout life.
• Free testing facility from big hospitals to primary health centers in every district.
• There is also a toll free helpline 1800 180 5544.

Which people have problems?

NK Gupta told that those who are careless till the last stage, they lose their lives. At the same time, those who get tested and start taking medication immediately, remain healthy for decades. Today there is a need not to be afraid of AIDS, but to be alert.

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Disclaimer: This information is based on research studies and expert opinion. Do not consider this as a substitute for medical advice. Before adopting any new activity or exercise, please consult your doctor or relevant specialist.

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Recently a very painful and shocking incident has come to light from Chaibasa Government Hospital in West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. Here, HIV infected blood was given to innocent children suffering from thalassemia. This negligence has not only shaken the lives of the children and their families, but has also raised serious questions on the health system of the entire state.

According to the information, on September 13, seven children suffering from thalassemia were given infected blood. When the investigation report came on October 18, there was a stir in the health department as everyone was found to be HIV positive. Later in the investigation, 6 more children were also confirmed to be positive. After this accident, there is both anger and fear among the people, whereas now people are trying to know more about the disease like Thalassemia and are looking for ways to prevent this disease. In such a situation, let us tell you today what is Thalassemia and how it can be prevented.

What is Thalassemia?

Thalassemia is a genetic i.e. blood related disease passed from parents to children. In this disease the body is not able to make hemoglobin protein in the correct and complete quantity. Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells, which works to deliver oxygen to every part of our body. When hemoglobin is not produced enough, there is a lack of oxygen in the body, which causes conditions like fatigue, weakness and anemia.

Thalassemia patients often need frequent blood transfusions because their body is unable to produce enough red blood cells on its own. This is the reason why thalassemia sufferers have to undergo blood transfusion from time to time. However, if there is negligence in this process, as happened in Jharkhand, then the risk of transfusion of infected blood also increases.

Ways to prevent and treat Thalassemia

It is not possible to prevent thalassemia because it is a genetic disease, but it can be prevented with timely testing.

1. Genetic Counseling – If there are already thalassemia patients in a family, then definitely take genetic counseling before marriage or before planning a child. This test tells you what is the risk of your child getting this disease.

2. Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) – This technique is very beneficial for those people who have the risk of thalassemia in their genes. After embryos are created through IVF process, healthy embryos can be selected through this test so that the child can be protected from thalassemia.

3. Safe blood donation and blood test – Hospitals and blood banks should ensure that every blood unit is thoroughly tested for diseases like HIV, Hepatitis B and C. With this, incidents like transfusion of infected blood can be prevented.

4. Main tests for identification of Thalassemia – Blood tests, hemoglobin electrophoresis, genetic tests and prenatal testing. These tests tell which types of hemoglobin are present in the body and whether there are any abnormalities in them.

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Disclaimer: This information is based on research studies and expert opinion. Do not consider this as a substitute for medical advice. Before adopting any new activity or exercise, please consult your doctor or relevant specialist.

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Cervical cancer is a cancer in women. According to the American Cancer Society, it is revealed in around 13,000 women every year, while breast cancer cases are 317,000 annually. The main reason for this is that the symptoms of cervical cancer are not seen in the initial stage. According to Dr. Lauren Striate, cervical cancer gradually increases, so when sains appear, cancer often occurs in advanced stage. Sometimes early signs are signed, but they can often occur due to other normal reasons. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a pap test every year. The initial changes of cervical cancer can be caught in time from the Pap test and the visit of the Gynecologist.

General symptoms

Changes in bleeding

Be careful between periods, after the relationship, after menopause or long heavy menstrual bleeding. If the period becomes longer or heavy than before, do not ignore it.

Changes in vaginal discharge

If the vaginal discharge becomes water, heavy and smelly, then it can be an early signal. Sometimes blood can also be seen in secretion.

Pain during physical relation

Cancer or tumor can cause pain. But pain does not always mean cancer. Infection, inflammation or other mild problems can also be the cause.

Back and pelvic pain

It often appears in the advanced stage, but if other symptoms also appear along with persistent pain, see the doctor immediately.

Rapid weight phenomenon and loss of appetite

If weight is reduced without weight or loss, then it can be a sign of any type of cancer.

Tiredness
If the normal relaxed fatigue does not go away and is not very weak or focused, it can be considered a serious symptom, especially if there are other symptoms.

Leg pain

Cervical cancer can spread to the lymph nodes or prevent lymph fluid. This can cause swelling or pain in the leg.

What causes cervical cancer

Hpv infection

HPV is responsible in almost all cervical cancer cases. It can be prevented from taking a vaccine.

HIV

• Due to weak immune system, women with HIV are more at risk of cervical cancer.
• The HPV vaccine is given to youth at the age of 11–12 years and up to 26 years of age. This is the most effective way to prevent cervical cancer.

Caution and timely examination can prevent serious consequences of cervical cancer. If you see any of these symptoms, contact the doctor immediately.

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HIV Positive Person Precautions: HIV is a virus that keeps the body hollow inside without making noise. People often believe that, it spreads only by sexual relations, but the truth demands more serious and awareness than this. There are still many misconceptions about HIV/AIDS in our society. People consider it only a disease related to physical relations, while the truth is that some unknowingly behaviors can also cause the spread of this virus.

Dr. Shuchin Bajaj explains that, HIV not only spreads with unsafe sex, but also infected blood, infected injections and shared use of private things can also cause this infection. Therefore, it is important that we understand every aspect of it and keep full awareness to prevent it.

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Infected blood or blood product

If the HIV test is not done before the blood is not done, then this virus can enter the body. Especially in villages or informal setup, this danger is high.

Needle

If people taking drugs or repeated injections in any disease, HIV can spread rapidly.

Objects of use of infected person

If things like razor, toothbrush, or blade are shared with an infected person and there are parts of blood on them, then there is a risk of infection.

During pregnancy or breastfeeding

If the mother is HIV positive, then this virus can spread to the baby or even during breastfeeding without treatment.

What precautions should HIV positive person take?

• Do not share personal things with others, such as razor, blade, toothbrush etc.
• Maintain preserved sex, always use condoms
• Consumption of medicines regularly, take the antiretroviral therapy mentioned by the doctor on time
• Avoid giving blood, an infected person should never donate blood.

HIV/AIDS is not a punishment, but an infection that can avoid vigilance and awareness. It is wrong to consider it just a disease related to sexual relations. Except for the misconceptions, adopting the right information is the biggest need of today.

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Disclaimer: Some information given in the news is based on media reports. Before implementing any suggestion, you must consult the concerned expert.

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Russia is already included in countries where the rate of HIV infection is the highest in the world. Now the Ukraine War has made this situation even more frightening. According to reports, the rate of HIV infection in Russian soldiers has increased by 20 to 40 times since the war started.

There are many possible causes of this growth. First of all, in the stressful atmosphere of war, the mental state of soldiers is under extreme pressure. They are living in a mentality where tomorrow may not be there and the same thinking leads them to unprotected sexual relations and intoxication. Reports have also revealed that some soldiers are using drugs with the same syringe, which increases the risk of infection manifold.

Lack of health resources and negligence in war sector
There is a huge shortage of health services in Russian military bases on the Ukraine border. Fundamental means like condoms are proving to be helpful in spreading HIV infection rapidly, infected soldiers are proving to be treated in field hospitals without any safety measures.

A report by Firstpost reported that many infected military are recruited for treatment in emergency condition, but due to lack of time and lack of resources, there is no caution there. This is causing infection and spreading rapidly. This reflects the state of a healthcare emergency which is buried under the shadow of war.

HIV infected prisoners are being admitted from jails?
Another shocking thing has come out in the reports. Russia is recruiting soldiers directly from jails, including many HIV positive prisoners. This step may have been taken in an attempt to increase military numbers, but its far -reaching consequences may be serious. According to Ukrainian officials, at least 20% of new recruitment in Russian soldiers are HIV positive. Its effect is not only limited to the military sector, but it has the strength to affect an entire healthcare system. This is a new confrontation between the war -time strategy and human rights.

Life saving anti-viral drugs and their boundaries
Some Russian soldiers revealed that they are given anti-viral medications when they are ready for war despite HIV infection. These drugs do not treat the disease, but reduce the effect of the virus and strengthen the body’s immune system. This reduces the chances of getting infected with other diseases. However, it is a very big challenge to keep these drugs continuously in the war zone. The limitability and administrative negligence of resources is leaving this effort incomplete.

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It is advisable not to have a physical relationship without condoms to avoid infections like HIV. Do you know that without making a physical relationship, not only HIV is not only HIV, but it can cause many serious diseases. Let us tell you about it. Also, know what diseases can cause it?

HIV and AIDS

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is considered the most dangerous in sex transmitted disease. If it is not treated, it causes AIDS (acqured immunodeficiency syndrome). Dr. Suryakant Sharma, an infectious pathologist in Delhi, says that the threat of HIV depends on the number of partners and the use of condoms. Regular testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis should be done to avoid this disease, which reduces the risk. If a woman or man has a physical relationship with more than one partners, then they should get HIV test done every 3-6 months.

Gonorrhea (Gonorrhea)

Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection, caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae. This disease is also caused by making physical relations without condoms. According to WHO’s 2024 report, Gonorrhea cases are increasing rapidly in India. Especially in urban areas, this disease is spreading very fast. In this disease, the reproductive systems of men and women are damaged, which can cause problems like infertility.

Chlamydia (chlamydia)

Chlamydia trachomatis is also a sexual transmitted bacterial infection, which can spread without symptoms. According to a study by LANCET Infectious Diseases (2023), there may be a risk of chlamydia among 20-30 % of youth having unprotected sex in India. This can cause problems related to infertility and pregnancy. Infectious pathologist Dr. Srikanth Prasad says that chlamydia is often silent, as its symptoms do not appear.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

HPV is viral infection, which is due to unprotected physical relationships. This infection can cause diseases like cervical cancer, anal cancer and genital warts. Explain that the condom does not completely stop the transmission of HPV, but this danger can reduce by 70 %. According to the Indian Journal of Medical Research (2024), cervical cancer related to HPV is the second most common cancer among women.

Genital Herpes

The genital herpes is caused by herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and spreads by exposure to skin. According to WHO’s 2024 report, there is a risk of HSV-2 in about 10-15 % sexually active people in India. Using condoms can reduce the risk of herpes by 50-60 %, but it is not fully effective. Actually, this virus is also spread by skin exposure.

Syphilis

Syphilis (due to Treponema Pallidum) is a bacterial infection, which is spread by unsafe physical relationships. According to the 2024 report by UNAIDS, syphilis cases are increasing rapidly in India. If there is no treatment, it can damage the heart, brain and nervous system.

Hepatitis B and C

Hepatitis B and C are viral infections spread through unprotected physical relations and blood. According to LANCET (2024), without condom physical relations increase the risk of hepatitis B, which can cause liver cancer and cirrhosis. Hepatitis B vaccine is available, but there is no vaccine for Hepatitis C. In such a situation, condoms and caution are very important.

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Disclaimer: Some information given in the news is based on media reports. Before implementing any suggestion, you must consult the concerned expert.

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