India’s Chief of Defense Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan said in Gorakhpur on Friday (September 05, 2025) that India’s border dispute with China is one of the biggest challenges for the country. At the same time, Pakistan’s continuous attack against India is the next big issue. The aim of Pakistan has always been to bled India by giving a thousand wounds.

Addressing a gathering, he said that the challenges in front of the country do not remain for a short time, they are present in many ways. I believe that India’s dispute with China is the biggest challenge, which will continue. There is also a challenge that the rules of war have changed, now cyber and space are also included in it.

Chief of Defense Staff spoke on Operation Sindoor

Anil Chauhan further said that both our rival countries are nuclear power and it is always difficult to decide what kind of campaign should be run against them. Talking about Operation Sindoor, he said that in response to the April 22 Pahalgam attack, terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan occupied Kashmir had targeted the infrastructure.

He said that during the action of Operation Sindoor, the armed forces were completely independent, including planning and selecting targets. Our aim was not to take revenge on the terrorists, but the only objective, ‘Draw the boundary line of patience’.

UP CM arrived with CDS Chauhan

CDS General Chauhan arrived in Gorkhapur, where the Gorkha War Memorial was renovated and the foundation stone of the Gorkha Museum was laid. Anil Chauhan arrived here with Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath.

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The war between India and China took place in 1962, which is known as the Indo-China war or the Sino-Indian War. This war ran from 20 October 1962 to 20 November 1962. This war happened due to border dispute between India and China, which is still a matter of discussion. The roots of this war are hidden in historical, geographical and political factors. Let us know what was the main reason for India’s war and who was harmed in this war?

The reason for the war between India and China

The main reason for the war between India China was a dispute over the sovereignty of the border areas of Aksai China and Arunachal Pradesh. Aksai Chin, which India considers part of Ladakh, considers China part of Shinjiang province. The confrontation started from here turned into war. Apart from this, the issue of Tibet was also important. China was angry with the Dalai Lama taking refuge in India in 1959. He felt that India was supporting activities against him in Tibet.

India gave a tough competition to China

The Chinese military started attacks together on 20 October 1962 in Ladakh and across the McMahon line. Due to the area of inaccessible snow -covered hills, India had deployed soldiers from all over, while China landed in the battlefield with complete preparation. The Chinese army rapidly infiltrated Indian regions. There were 10 to 20 thousand soldiers of India and a war broke out between 80 thousand soldiers of China. China landed with 8 times more soldiers in the battlefield, but Indian soldiers gave them a tough fight. However, in this war, China was successful in capturing many regions of India. The Chinese army captured Rajangla in Chushul in the western region and Tawang in the east. After this, the ceasefire announced on 20 November 1962.

How much was the loss?

1383 soldiers of India were martyred in this war, while 1,047 soldiers were injured. At the same time, about 722 soldiers from China were killed while 1697 soldiers were injured. Talking about the total loss between the two countries, there was not much difference. The number of Indian soldiers being martyred and injured in this war was 2430, while the number of injured and dying soldiers of China was 2417.

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On one hand, China is talking about normalizing relations with India, while on the other hand it is busy preparing for war. Looking at the latest activities, it seems that China is planning a major war against India in the next few years. On the eastern bank of the Pangong Lake of Ladakh, he is setting up a tremendous military infrastructure and has laid the foundation of the world’s largest hydropower project on the Brahmaputra River (China Yarlung Zhangbo, which flows in the Northeast). That is, China is currently preparing to surround India on two fronts, one military pressure and the other strategic water control.

China’s dangerous military construction near Pangong Lake
According to Open Source Intelligence (OSNIT), satellite photographs make it clear that China is building a large military complex on the eastern bank of Pangong Lake, which is almost complete. China has built deep garages in this complex, where armored vehicles and missile trucks can be hidden. Apart from this, a highway -like structure has been created, which can be used as a launching platform or radar.

OSNIT has also reported that this military structure is located near a radar site and can be used for SAM i.e. Surface to Air Missile System or other weapons. Experts say that if China develops airstrikes and monitoring capacity from here, it can affect India’s strategic freedom.

This infrastructure of China is becoming a strategic threat
According to intelligence reports, China is preparing the region in such a way that missiles and other strategic weapons can be safely placed there. If China can monitor India’s airspace from here and gain the ability to attack with missiles, then it will be a big threat to India’s military power. This structure seems to be a part of a strategic strategy against India.

China laid the foundation of the world’s largest dam on Brahmaputra
The reason for the second concern for India is the new hydropower project of China on the Brahmaputra River. On July 19, Chinese Prime Minister Lee Kyang laid the foundation stone of Medog Hydropower Station, which is going to become the largest dam in the world. This dam will generate three times more electricity than China’s already three george dams. The estimated cost of this project is $ 167 billion and it will be ready in the next ten years.

China is describing it as necessary for energy and development, but experts believe that this is a strategy against India. This dam is being built in an area adjacent to Arunachal Pradesh in India and a tunnel road comes very close to the border of India, causing a direct threat to the northeastern borders of India.

Water-de-addiction and flood threat also increased
Another major concern of India is that China has not yet signed a water-sharing agreement on the Brahmaputra River. This means that India does not get information about the water flow of this river, due to which the danger of sudden floods increases further. Experts believe that this dam may be a part of China’s strategy to use water as a weapon during war. A Chinese social media user wrote – “It is a power project in peace, but in the war? … I will not say anything, understand.” This statement is a serious sign about China’s intention.

Dual trick to surround India!
It is clear that China is preparing to surround India at two levels. On the one hand, India’s security is being challenged by creating a military base on Pangong Lake, on the other hand, water is being made weapons by making dams on the Brahmaputra. Both these strategies are a serious threat to India’s geopolitical and strategic status. India will now have to be alert and answer this threat at strategic, diplomatic and military level.

Participated in a high level meeting between India’s Foreign Minister S Jaishankar and China’s Polit Bureau member Wang Yi on 14 July 2025. During this time, he worked to redefine the direction and priorities of India-China relations. Jaishankar clearly stated Wang Yi that India-China bilateral relations will only be based on the mutual interests of both countries. Pakistan or any other third country will have no role in this. This statement is especially important because China is a supply of 81 percent of Pakistan’s military equipment.

In the meeting, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar expressed satisfaction over the resumption of the Indian Army patrolling in the Depsang and Demchok region after the agreement in October 2024. Also said that five years have passed and now both armies should focus on reducing stress.

Why does the situation still persist on LAC?
The Line of Actual Control (LAC) in eastern Ladakh is about 1,597 km. Even today, both the armies have about 50,000 soldiers, tanks and heavy weapons deployed here. The situation was created after encroachment of PLA in 2020. Although there were several rounds of military and diplomatic talks between India and China, there is no complete peace at the ground level. Jaishankar said in the meeting that a stable boundary is the cornerstone of stable relations between the two countries.

Export ban from China and India’s objection
In the meeting, S Jaishankar also raised the issue of recently imposed export sanctions by China. He questioned the ban on the minerals used in magnets used in the auto industry and the minerals used in potassium-nitrogen fertilizers. On this, Jaishankar urged Wang Yi not to impose such restrictions on India as it affects the supply chain and the economic relationship between the two countries is affected. These supply chains play an important role in India-China trade relations. Therefore, both leaders also discussed this issue.

India’s stand on terrorism: Message in SCO meeting
On July 13, 2025, at a meeting of Foreign Ministers of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), S Jaishankar also reiterated India’s tough stand against terrorism. He said that India said that the action on terrorist camps in Pakistan is in line with the UNSC proposal 16050. The proposal was passed on 25 April 2025 and supported it by all countries including Pakistan, China and Russia. In the proposal, it has been said to bring criminals, organizers, financers and sponsors of terror into the dock of justice. Jaishankar clarified that India will not adopt any compromise policy on the issue of terrorism.

Pakistan’s role in India-China relations
The country is in tension about the role of Pakistan in India-China relations. Let us know that Pakistan supplies China missiles, aircraft and other military equipment to it. This is the reason that India bluntly said that India-China bilateral relations will not be allowed to be affected by third party, especially Pakistan. India’s attitude is clear that peace and mutual business relationships on the border will be fruitful only when such indirect effects will end.

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China Action after Operation Sindoor: India recently entered the neighboring country of Pakistan under Operation Sindoor and destroyed several camps of terrorists. More than 100 terrorists sitting in Pakistan were killed in this operation. When Pakistan took military action, India destroyed 12 airbase of Pakistan. Apart from this, his air defense systems were also demolished. Seeing such a lot of Pakistan, his friend China is nervous. Evidence of this has been seen. Recently, a satellite image has confirmed that now on Nagari Gusa airbase located in Tibet, not only civil flights, but also military operations have started.

The presence of four J-11 fighter jet and a Y-20 transport aircraft has been recorded for the first time on Nagari Gusa Airbase. Open Source Intelligence has claimed that the activity of the apron is indicating the operational activity of the recently developed military wing of Nagari Gusa. The location of Nagari Gusa Airbase makes it strategically extremely important. This airbase is very close to Ladakh, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh.

What is Y-20 transport aircraft?

The Y-20 Kunpeng is China’s largest military transport aircraft, developed by the Sheian Aircraft Industrial Corporation. This aircraft can lift a weight of 66 tonnes. It can easily fly 4,500 kilometers at a time. It has the ability to deliver tanks, heavy weapons, soldiers immediately at any place. Its strength is equal to the C-17 GlobeMaster III. Its deployment indicates that China is not only ready for airstrikes, but also for sharp troupe mobilization and supply.

How powerful is J-11 fighter jet?

The J-11 fighter aircraft has been prepared by China by copying Russia’s SU-27. Its range is 3,530 km. Its deployment shows that China is now turning Tibet’s airbase into an active fighter role, earlier only considered only support base. This fighter airbase can penetrate the aircraft of Ladakh in minutes. The Indian Air Force can be put under additional pressure to give rapid response to North India.

What is the danger to India?

China’s strategically active airbase can create political imbalance in the Himalayan region. Due to the activation of Nagari Gusa, Shigatsse and Lhasa Airbase, pressure can be created for India from three directions. PLA deployment is no longer limited to the infantry. Now there are also fighter aircraft, transporters and drones. This can be a part of the strategy of pressurizing LAC and pushing India back into conversation.