At the 25th summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) held in Tianjin city of China, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, while addressing the plane session, made a big statement on connectivity and sovereignty. PM Modi said that connectivity should always respect sovereignty and regional integrity. This is the basic principle of SCO Charter. Connectivity that bypasses sovereignty cannot be trusted and has no importance.

This statement is directly considered a gesture on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which passes through Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK). This project is the most important part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and India has been opposing it for a long time. PM Modi further said that India believes that strong connectivity ensures not only business, but also trust and development. From this point of view, India is working on the Chabahar Port and the International North-South Transport Corridor (Instc), which will strengthen connectivity to Afghanistan and Central Asia.

He said that India has always been trying that the SCO is not limited to governments, but it should be linked to common people, youth, researchers and startups so that the organization’s reach and impact can increase.

What is Bri?

BRI (BELT and Road Initiative), which is called One Belt, One Road in Chinese, is a major global initiative of China. It started with the objective that Chinese companies should manufacture transport, energy and other infrastructure projects abroad. These projects are funded by loans from Chinese development banks.

Its main goal is to improve connectivity to the rest of the world of China and thus the business and economy get strengthened. In a way, it can be called the new Silk Road of the 21st century, which creates a trade route from China to Europe via Middle East.

Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the idea in 2013 during visits to Kazakhstan and Indonesia. After this, this initiative progressed rapidly and many big projects were created under it, such as railways in Kenya and Laos and power stations in Pakistan and Indonesia.

Why is India against Bri?

India has opposed BRI from the beginning and the biggest reason for this is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). CPEC is the flagship project of Bri, which passes through Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK). India believes that this is a violation of its sovereign rights, because Pok is an integral part of India.

The Government of India says that it has repeatedly lodged a formal protest against the countries concerned on this issue and asked them to stop such activities. The Ministry of External Affairs has made it clear that the government’s stand is clear and stable. At the same time, the Government of India continuously keeps a close watch on every development related to this project and takes all the necessary steps to protect the security and integrity of the country.

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Participated in a high level meeting between India’s Foreign Minister S Jaishankar and China’s Polit Bureau member Wang Yi on 14 July 2025. During this time, he worked to redefine the direction and priorities of India-China relations. Jaishankar clearly stated Wang Yi that India-China bilateral relations will only be based on the mutual interests of both countries. Pakistan or any other third country will have no role in this. This statement is especially important because China is a supply of 81 percent of Pakistan’s military equipment.

In the meeting, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar expressed satisfaction over the resumption of the Indian Army patrolling in the Depsang and Demchok region after the agreement in October 2024. Also said that five years have passed and now both armies should focus on reducing stress.

Why does the situation still persist on LAC?
The Line of Actual Control (LAC) in eastern Ladakh is about 1,597 km. Even today, both the armies have about 50,000 soldiers, tanks and heavy weapons deployed here. The situation was created after encroachment of PLA in 2020. Although there were several rounds of military and diplomatic talks between India and China, there is no complete peace at the ground level. Jaishankar said in the meeting that a stable boundary is the cornerstone of stable relations between the two countries.

Export ban from China and India’s objection
In the meeting, S Jaishankar also raised the issue of recently imposed export sanctions by China. He questioned the ban on the minerals used in magnets used in the auto industry and the minerals used in potassium-nitrogen fertilizers. On this, Jaishankar urged Wang Yi not to impose such restrictions on India as it affects the supply chain and the economic relationship between the two countries is affected. These supply chains play an important role in India-China trade relations. Therefore, both leaders also discussed this issue.

India’s stand on terrorism: Message in SCO meeting
On July 13, 2025, at a meeting of Foreign Ministers of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), S Jaishankar also reiterated India’s tough stand against terrorism. He said that India said that the action on terrorist camps in Pakistan is in line with the UNSC proposal 16050. The proposal was passed on 25 April 2025 and supported it by all countries including Pakistan, China and Russia. In the proposal, it has been said to bring criminals, organizers, financers and sponsors of terror into the dock of justice. Jaishankar clarified that India will not adopt any compromise policy on the issue of terrorism.

Pakistan’s role in India-China relations
The country is in tension about the role of Pakistan in India-China relations. Let us know that Pakistan supplies China missiles, aircraft and other military equipment to it. This is the reason that India bluntly said that India-China bilateral relations will not be allowed to be affected by third party, especially Pakistan. India’s attitude is clear that peace and mutual business relationships on the border will be fruitful only when such indirect effects will end.

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