The customs and social traditions of the Mughal era were often shocking, but the Mughal emperor Jahangir took a step in 1611, which gave a new identity to the women of that era. It is recorded in the historical document named ‘Majlis-e-Jahangiri’ that Jahangir had made a big and bold announcement related to divorce on 20 June 1611. He had said that if a Muslim man divorces his wife without any valid reason then it would be considered illegal.

This order of Jahangir was approved by the Qazi and it was implemented as law. In this way, for the first time, women got the right to get justice in divorce cases. Before Jahangir’s decision, the words of men were considered law in the society. Divorcing was a personal decision in which women’s opinion did not matter, but this new law changed the situation. Women now got the opportunity to express their views and raise their voice against injustice. BBC report states that after this decision, women not only started understanding the process of divorce, but also openly demanded divorce many times.

Case of 1628: Demand for coins in exchange of divorce

A Muslim man asked for 60 Mahmoodi coins from his wife to grant her divorce. After finding the coins, she divorced him, but the reason was not recorded in the document. This case shows that male supremacy was still deeply present in society, but the law gave women a way to fight.

Fath Banu’s case divorce from drunkard husband

In another example, a woman named Fath Banu complained to the Qazi against her husband Chisht Mohammad. She said that her husband is an alcoholic and has lost his rights as a husband. The Qazi accepted what he said and approved the divorce. This was one of the first examples of that era when women’s views were given importance.

Case of 1612: Dispute between Mohammad Jiyu and wife

On 5 February 1612, a man named Mohammad Jiyu applied for separation from his wife. Qazi fixed the condition of divorce that it would be mandatory to give one copper coin, two kurtis and two sarees to the wife daily. Later, when the husband did not fulfill these promises, the wife told the Qazi that while signing, she had said that if I could not pay this compensation, the marriage would be considered over. The Qazi heard the woman’s side and declared the divorce valid.

Beginning of new thinking in society
This order of Jahangir not only changed the legal framework but also shook the social mentality. Now women could go to the Qazi and express their views. Their complaints began to be heard and men’s judgment began to be questioned. Historians believe that this decision was the first legal step towards women’s rights in the Indian subcontinent.

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Drunken Mughal King: There has been a Mughal emperor in history who is not only known for his contribution in architecture and administration but is also famous for his severe addiction to alcohol and opium. This person, known as the drunkard king, is none other than Jahangir. Jahangir’s drug dependence greatly affected both his personal life and his rule. Let us know complete information about this Mughal history.

How did this addiction start?

Jahangir’s addiction started from a very young age. At the age of 15, he was given wine mixed with rose water to treat cough. This medicinal use of alcohol gradually turned into his habit. Later, during a battle against Afghan insurgents, someone advised him to drink alcohol to relieve fatigue. After this, his dependence on alcohol increased further and his addiction continued for years.

alcohol and opium addiction

Jahangir’s deep love for alcohol has also been mentioned in his autobiography Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri. It is said that Jahangir used to drink about 20 cups of liquor a day. 14 during the day and 6 at night. Not only this but he also ordered liquor from Iran and Central Asia to fulfill his hobby. Not only alcohol but Jahangir also consumed opium.

Impact on health and governance

Jahangir’s addiction had a deep impact on his health. At one time he became so weak that he could not even drink a glass of alcohol. Jahangir’s doctor had warned that if he did not stop drinking alcohol, he would not be able to survive even for 6 months. After this Jahangir started consuming opium and other dry drugs. With time his ability to rule weakened and after this his wife Noor Jahan took over the reins of administration. Not only Jahangir but his brothers Murad and Daniyal also struggled with alcohol addiction. This addiction became the reason for his death. His love for alcohol and opium greatly influenced not only his personal life but also the Mughal court.

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The history of khichdi is very old in Indian catering, but the Mughal period gave it even more royal form. In 1590 AD, Akbar’s court scholar Wazir Abul Fazal has mentioned Khichdi in his famous book Aine-e-Akbari. There is a mention of 7 types of khichdi in the book.

The khichdi of that era was the main material, rice, moong dal, ghee and light spices. The special thing is that Ghee used in Emperor Akbar’s kitchen was sourced from Hisar in Haryana. This shows that ordinary looking khichdi was also prepared well at the court level. Apart from this, whenever Akbar did not have the desire to eat meat, he was served only khichdi.

Jehangir and delicious khichdi anecdote
Jahangir was known for his fondness and hobbies of foreign cuisine. Even among mutton, dry fruits and countless delicious dishes, when they wanted rest, they used to say that all this remove, today I will eat khichdi. His favorite dish was delicious khichdi, which was a Gujarati style khichdi. It used dry fruits and aromatic spices, which used to make it a royal level dish. This story tells that Khichdi was not only a simple food, but also a symbol of royal comfort.

Aurangzeb and Alamgiri Khichdi
Interestingly, Aurangzeb, who was not considered very fond of food and drink, loved Khichdi. His special dish was Alamgiri Khichdi, in which fish and boiled eggs were used. This Alamgiri khichdi went to other parts of the world over time and went to Britain and became Kedgere. This dish is still part of British food and it is liked in English breakfast.

Khichdi’s royal story
The journey of Khichdi shows us that it was not just a dish that was a dish on falling ill, but was present in Akbar’s kitchen as a favorite dish. It became synonymous with comfort and luxury for the Mughal emperor Jahangir. Aurangzeb’s Alamgiri Khichdi recognized international recognition. This proves that khichdi has always been a part of the common man, not only the common man’s food in India.

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The pride and chic of the Mughal Empire were seen not only in their palaces and crowns, but also in the royal birthday celebrations. This was mentioned by historians Abul Fazal and Kishori Sharan Lal in their book The Mughal Harem, according to which Akbar started the weight weighing ceremony inspired by the Hindu tradition. The king was weighed twice a year on solar and lunar birthdays. Shehzadas and grandchildren weighed once a year. Gold, silver, diamonds, pearls, silk fabrics, spices and grains were used for weight. Jahangir has written in his memoirs that this ritual was organized in the buildings of the court, sometimes harem and sometimes Rajmata.

British travelers Edward Terry and Sir Thomas Raw have written the eyes of these royal rituals. According to him, Jahangir was weighed in scales with heavy gold chains. Carpets were lying on the scales. During that time, the courtiers used to stand all around and looked at the queens from behind the curtain. The king wore brilliant clothes adorned with gems and beads. At first they were weighed with jewels, then gold-silver, clothes, spices and grains. These materials were later donated to the poor and the needy, which also added religious and social importance to this ritual.

Haram’s participation and anniversary chance
The anniversary ceremony was not limited to the court only. Haram had great importance for women. Royal mothers often sent materials for weight. Sometimes the entire event was held in the building of Rajmata. Every year a lump would be tied on the lanyard by measuring the length of the king, which was called an anniversary. This tradition ran from Akbar to Aurangzeb, even though Aurangzeb gave less grandeur to many rituals due to his religious inclination.

Birthday feasts, alcohol, music and boating
The Mughal birthdays were not limited to rituals just. It was also a chance for grand feasts and festivals. Dozens of dishes and roasted meat were served in the royal feast. The liquor plates used to come in front of the courtiers and the emperor. Music, dance and festivals would last late at night. There were parties and picnics in gardens. Jahangir has written in his memoirs that he used to attend the birthday celebration overnight with women and children in Nur Jahan Begum’s palaces and lakes.

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The Mughal emperor Jahangir (1569–1627) was Akbar’s eldest son and ruled from 1605 to 1627. However, historians believe that Jahangir’s rule was not completely independent from 1611 to 1627, as his wife Nur Jahan had a profound influence on him.

Jahangir and Nur Jahan were married in 1611. Nur Jahan was his 20th and last wife. His absence from Jahangir’s drug habits and court proceedings gave Nur Jahan an opportunity to hold power.

Alcohol and opium addiction
Jahangir has written in his autobiography Tuzuke-Jhangiri that at one time he used to drink 20 cups every day. 14 cups in the day and 6 cups at night. The ice used in alcohol was sourced from Kashmir. After this happened, he started to reduce the intake to 6 cups a day, but the addiction of opium remained as before. As a result, by 1622, he had become asthma due to opium and finally on 28 October 1627, he died due to asthma at the age of 58. Interestingly, two brothers of Jahangir died due to alcohol addiction.

Durbar in Guslakhana
According to a BBC report, Jahangir adopted the tradition of setting up a court in Gusalkhana (bathroom). This tradition was started by Sher Shah Suri, because his curly hair took time to dry, so he used to organize meetings in the bathroom itself. Jahangir also continued this tradition. His afternoon court used to be public, while the evening court used to take place in Guslakhana. There he used to drink and talk with his special people. After this, he used to sleep and used to eat at midnight.

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