In Mughal history, some names are known for bravery and administration, while some become synonymous with infamy due to their eccentricity and luxury. One such name is Jahandar Shah, during whose time the Mughal court became less a center of power and more a stage of spectacle. This emperor, who used to hold court sometimes without clothes and sometimes in the guise of a woman, became one of the most controversial rulers in history in just nine months. His story of power, love and cruelty still shocks.

Power struggle after the death of Bahadur Shah

After the death of Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah I in the year 1712, a fierce struggle for succession began in the Sultanate. In this fight between his sons, Jahandar Shah ultimately emerged victorious and ascended the throne of Delhi. However, as soon as he got power, he started losing hope that he would prove to be a stable and strong ruler. According to historians, Jahandar Shah became more interested in luxury than governance.

Lal Kunwar’s influence and centralization of power

Lal Kunwar played the most important role in the life and rule of Jahandar Shah. Lal Kunwar was the daughter of a famous singer Khasurait Khan and was known for dancing and beauty. As soon as he assumed power, Jahandar Shah gave her the status of queen and awarded her the title of ‘Imtiaz Mughal’. After this, the reins of governance gradually passed into his hands. Many important decisions of the court started being taken on the advice and wish of Lal Kunwar.

Abundance of relatives and weakness of administration

Lal Kunwar used his influence to get high mansabs and jagirs for his family and close people. Kinship started getting preference over qualification in administrative posts. Due to this, dissatisfaction spread in the Mughal court and the old nobles and generals started losing confidence in the emperor. The seriousness of governance started waning and power became weaker.

cruel decisions and crazy actions

In history, Jahandar Shah is remembered not only as a debaucher but also as a cruel ruler. It is mentioned in many accounts that he took tough decisions considering his own sons as a threat to his power. Apart from this, his behavior towards the common people is also said to be merciless.

The naked court and the image of the ‘lewd’

Jahandar Shah is most discussed about his strange activities. It is said that sometimes he used to reach the court without clothes, and sometimes he used to attend meetings wearing women’s clothes. These actions deeply hurt the dignity of the Mughal Sultanate. This was the reason why contemporary historians and courtiers called him a ‘licentious’ and incompetent ruler.

Only nine months of reign and a painful end

Jahandar Shah’s rule was very short-lived. In just nine months, taking advantage of his weak policies and court discontent, his nephew Farrukhsiyar rebelled against him. After the decisive defeat on 6 January 1713, Jahandar was forced to flee with Shah Lal Kunwar, but was soon captured. Jahandar Shah’s end after being captured was very painful. He was brutally killed in jail itself.

Also read: Why was this city of the world called the city of sins, how were the people here ‘punished’?

The Mughal Empire is generally known for its vast power, art and administrative system, but this period was also very important in the field of education and knowledge. Mughal rulers believed that scholarship and intellectual understanding were as important for strong governance as military power. This is the reason why teachers, scholars and writers were given special respect in the Mughal court. This point is supported by many writers, including Ali M Aziz, Irfan Habib and JN Sarkar. These people have mentioned the traditions of the Mughal court very well in their books.

Mughal princes were not educated in common schools or abroad. They were taught inside the palaces only. Subjects like Persian, Arabic, history, geography, mathematics, literature and philosophy were part of education. Cities like Agra and Lahore were considered big educational centers of that era, where scholars from India and abroad used to come and teach the princes.

Dara Shikoh Symbol of wisdom and spirituality

Shahjahan’s elder son Dara Shikoh is considered the most learned and thoughtful prince in Mughal history. He was not particularly interested in power or war, rather he was inclined towards spirituality and philosophy. He kept in touch with Sufi saints and tried to understand the teachings of different religions. Dara Shikoh believed that the basic spirit of all religions is the same. Under this thinking, he studied the Upanishads and got about 50 Upanishads translated into Persian language. In his famous work Majm-ul-Bahrain, the similarities between Sufism and Vedanta philosophy have been explained. This is why historians consider him the most progressive and educated prince of the Mughal era.

Also read: Oman Vs Indian Rupee: PM Modi will go to Oman, 500 people from there will become millionaires in India, the value of the currency will blow your mind

If anything is called the most precious thing in Mughal history, then it is not the Taj Mahal but the famous Peacock Throne of Shahjahan that comes on top. This was a throne in which the amount of gold and gems used to make it were never seen in any other royal object. It is said that even foreign travelers were stunned to see its brightness.

Immediately after assuming the throne, Shahjahan decided to build a throne that would suit his grandeur. It started under the leadership of Ustad Saad-ul-Gilani. Gold, diamonds, emeralds, rubies and priceless pearls imported from all over the world adorned this throne. After about seven years of hard work, Shahjahan sat on it for the first time in 1635.

unique structure in the world

French traveler Trevernier had the opportunity to see Shahjahan’s throne up close. According to him, there were two peacocks mounted on the throne whose feathers were shining with colorful gems. In the middle was a beautiful form of Kalpavriksha, which was decorated with different precious stones. The golden pillars supporting the entire throne and the hanging pearl strings made it even more amazing. Many foreign travelers of that time called it the king of treasures.

How much did it cost?

In the year 1635, the price of the Peacock Throne was estimated at Rs 10 crore 70 lakh and as of today, its value is more than Rs 1.35 lakh crore. Till date no royal throne in the world has been able to match it. It is believed that the famous Kohinoor diamond was also once a part of it. According to the ADA report, the cost of building Taj Mahal at that time was Rs 3 crore 20 lakh.

Nadir Shah’s plunder and departure from India

In 1739, Nadir Shah, the ruler of Iran, took this throne with him after conquering Delhi. Along with him, Kohinoor and many other precious gems also reached Iran. This incident is counted among the biggest loot of Mughal wealth.

The disappearance of the throne—an unsolved mystery

After the assassination of Nadir Shah, anarchy spread in Iran. In this turmoil the Peacock Throne suddenly disappeared. Historians believe that it was broken into pieces and its gems were sold separately. Some parts later appeared in the Iranian Sun Throne, but the original throne has never been found.

Kohinoor’s long journey

After separation from the throne, the Kohinoor diamond passed through many hands and reached Punjab and was taken to Britain after the British occupation in 1849. Today it is part of the British Crown Jewels. In later times, Mughal rulers tried to make a copy of this throne, but it could never attain the grandeur of the original. That replica was also lost to history in the Revolt of 1857.

Also read: Weather Update: Torture of cold! These 10 cities are in the grip of dense fog, warning of rain, where will the snow fall?

Even today, on the walls of the old fort of the Mughals, the shadows of those kings are visible, which were once kept away from the eyes of the common people. It is believed that the harems of the Mughal emperors were not just places of luxury, but were such webs of power, politics and relationships that changed the direction of the entire empire. But which king had the largest harem among them? And how were women selected in these harems? Let us know.

most secure harem

Of all the stories prevalent in Mughal history about the harem, most people see only its luxurious aspects. But the reality was much deeper, harsher and political than this. And at the center of this entire structure was the harem of Mughal emperor Akbar, which was said to be the largest, most organized and most secure harem of the Mughal period.

Whose harem has the most women?

According to historians, there were about 5,000 women in Akbar’s harem. This number was not limited to wives or begums, but also included maids, dancers, women brought for political reasons, relatives, female employees, teachers, musicians, masseuses, cooks, seamstresses, political dancers and even female security personnel. That means the harem was a complete women’s city, in which thousands of women with different roles lived.

How were those women selected?

Women to join the harem were selected in many ways, such as marriages between royal families to strengthen kinship, thereby securing political alliances. Many women voluntarily joined the entertainment or service classes. Some women used to come as captives during wars, although during the time of Akbar, there are examples of giving them a normal life and education in such cases. Every woman got different living space, facilities and security depending on her role.

Akbar’s harem was the administrative center

Akbar’s harem was not just a place of pleasure or entertainment. It was a kind of administrative center from where many political decisions were influenced. Prominent women of the harem, such as Akbar’s favorite Begums Ruqaiya Sultan, Jodha Bai, and Salima Sultan were involved in important policy discussions. The harem also had its own strict system and laws, which were mandatory to follow.

harem security

The security of the harem was one of the biggest secrets. Security was deployed in many circles around it and in the innermost security, instead of men, women soldiers and eunuchs were appointed. This ensured that no person from the outside world could enter inside without permission. The life of the harem was completely different from the common imagination. The women living here studied music, literature, painting, administration, warfare, language and religion. Many women became so influential that even foreign policies were decided on their advice.

Also read: How will the world’s supply chain change after the end of the Russia-Ukraine war, which countries will benefit the most?

Drunken Mughal King: There has been a Mughal emperor in history who is not only known for his contribution in architecture and administration but is also famous for his severe addiction to alcohol and opium. This person, known as the drunkard king, is none other than Jahangir. Jahangir’s drug dependence greatly affected both his personal life and his rule. Let us know complete information about this Mughal history.

How did this addiction start?

Jahangir’s addiction started from a very young age. At the age of 15, he was given wine mixed with rose water to treat cough. This medicinal use of alcohol gradually turned into his habit. Later, during a battle against Afghan insurgents, someone advised him to drink alcohol to relieve fatigue. After this, his dependence on alcohol increased further and his addiction continued for years.

alcohol and opium addiction

Jahangir’s deep love for alcohol has also been mentioned in his autobiography Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri. It is said that Jahangir used to drink about 20 cups of liquor a day. 14 during the day and 6 at night. Not only this but he also ordered liquor from Iran and Central Asia to fulfill his hobby. Not only alcohol but Jahangir also consumed opium.

Impact on health and governance

Jahangir’s addiction had a deep impact on his health. At one time he became so weak that he could not even drink a glass of alcohol. Jahangir’s doctor had warned that if he did not stop drinking alcohol, he would not be able to survive even for 6 months. After this Jahangir started consuming opium and other dry drugs. With time his ability to rule weakened and after this his wife Noor Jahan took over the reins of administration. Not only Jahangir but his brothers Murad and Daniyal also struggled with alcohol addiction. This addiction became the reason for his death. His love for alcohol and opium greatly influenced not only his personal life but also the Mughal court.

Also read: Which countries make drone engines, where is India in this matter?

Mughal emperor Many about Aurangzeb’s cruelty Historians their books In Is written It also states that Aurangzeb English also for fear of Scratch Used to tremble Not only this, some had confessed to Islam.

About this event Alexander Haemilton Has written in his book. When this incident happened Haemilton Bombay Were present in In those days, Surat in the west, Bombay And in the east, the ports on the Ganges located from Madras and Calcutta to 2 miles Hooghly And Kasim Up to market East Of India Company Vocational Centers were established.

Apart from the British in these areas Portuguese, Dutch And many independent traders were also active, they also had the rights like British for business, which London In East President of India Company Jozaya Child He did not like it and he got very angry. They are not accepted Was That someone else became a shareholder of their profits. after this Child Instructed the officials to cut the path of Mughal ships and rob their ships. Not only this in the year 1686 Child Done Britain The British soldiers also sent the platoon and directed Rip Capture

Child After this announcement of East India Company soldiers Mughals Robbed some ships of. In response to this, a black minister of Mughals Albahar Sidi Yakut By a powerful sea ship Bombay Siege the coast. Haemilton Wrote about this incident, ‘Sidi He reached with 20 thousand soldiers and at midnight fired shells with cannon, after which the British escaped and took shelter in the fort.

Haemilton pointed out that Sidi Yakut outside the fort East Looted the areas of India Company and buried the flags of the Mughals. The soldiers who went to fight were cut off their neck and Rest Wearing chains around the neck Bombay Was passed through the streets of

Up to 14 months Sidi Yakut siege the fort Do Keep When the food items started to end and the diseases started growing, then some employees of the company escaped secretly and met Yakut. Haemilton According to some of these, some of these conversions became Muslims.

Eventually the British courage responded and they have two of their messengers Aurangzeb Send to the court of the Mughal emperor can decide the conditions of defeat. Both of them accepted the company’s crime and apologized. Aurangzeb On the condition, he apologized that the British would give one and a half lakh rupees compensation to fight the war with the Mughals, promise to be obedient from further, Jozaya Child Quit India and never come here again.

Aurangzeb is called the most controversial king in Indian history. Many stories and allegations related to the name of this Mughal emperor, who ruled from 1658 to 1707, remain in the discussion even today. Especially the arguments of Hindus continue to debate about their attitude, breaking temples and its religious policies, but among all of them surprise the fact that the emperor who has often been called as staunch Muslim and anti -Hindu, had two wives of Hindus. This fact brings out a completely different aspect of his personality.

Udaipuri Mahal was the most talked about wife of Aurangzeb. He gave birth to Kambakhsh in 1667. Aurangzeb mentioned the Udaipuri palace in many of his letters. These letters are called Alamgiri. Udaipuri Mahal once expressed his desire to be Sati. Aurangzeb wrote about this in a letter to his son. Aurangzeb wrote in the end of the letter that Kambaksh your mother is with me in my illness. He is ready to go to another world with me. May God give you peace. This shows that he loved Udaipuri Mahal deeply. Historians have different opinions about the identity of Udaipuri palace. Some call him Rajputani. Some consider her to be Georgian Christian maid, but Aurangzeb’s letters prove that she was not just a maid but his wife.

Nawab Bai Aurangzeb’s second Hindu wife
Aurangzeb’s second Hindu wife was Nawab Bai. There is not much historical information available about him, but it is true that she also used to have a deep connection with Aurangzeb. Some historians refuse to consider Udaipuri Mahal as their wife. Jadunath Sarkar called her a maid in his book History of Aurangzeb. Major Todd and Grand Duff called him Rajputi. Passenger Manuchi described her as Georgian Dasi, but the letters written by Aurangzeb confirm their wife.

Question on Aurangzeb’s image
Aurangzeb is usually called the anti -Hindu ruler, but the having Udaipuri Mahal and Nawab Bai challenges this image. This shows that Aurangzeb used to give importance to relationships in personal life and was in deep love with his wives.

Also read: Mughal Queens Beauty Secrets: Mughal queens’ beauty routine will surprise! From saffron, pearl and sandalwood used to use perfume

In medieval India, the Mughal Empire was counted among the most rich empires in the world. This period from Babur to Aurangzeb was famous not only for political strength but also for the royal lifestyle and beauty of the queens. At that time, India’s economy had about 25% stake in the world. The queens and princesses used to get the tax of the entire state as private income. With this wealth, she used the most expensive makeup and beauty treatment in the world.

Sabiha Haq, author of The Mughal Ari, has mentioned Jahangir’s Begum Nur Jahan in his book. Nur Jahan’s name is recorded in history for his beauty and art. It is said that once Nur Jahan was bathing in a rose petals. Then he saw a fragrant oil floating on the surface of the water. That fragrance impressed him so much that after this the tradition of making perfumes with roses and other flowers started. Gradually, perfume became an essential part of the beauty products of Mughal queens and princesses.

Mughal queen’s beauty routine
They had a special beauty routine behind the beauty of the Mughal queens. She used neem datun and powder made of pearls, camphor and musk to clean teeth and gums. Lips were given natural redness from betel leaf, while face and hands were groomed with aromatic creams and perfumes every day.

Use of milk and saffron
Milk and saffron were used to maintain skin glow. The queens used to apply powder of gems like pearls, emerald and firoza in skin care and makeup. Sandalwood powder was mixed with rose water, milk and turmeric and applied on the face and body. For eye makeup, powder of gems was also added to sandalwood. The leaves of drumstick i.e. Moringa were also part of his beauty routine. They were previously used in medicinal use, but later it was also used for skin care. This kept the skin healthy and young.

Mughal beauty products and royal lifestyle
The women of the Mughal court used products made of natural and Ayurvedic materials. Perfumes and rose water were essential for fragrance and freshness. Milk and saffron improved the skin. Gemstone powder was applied to improve makeup and skin tone. Sandalwood and turmeric were used as natural face packs.

Also read: Peru oldest city: Trump’s history of America will change the history of America! Thousands of years old city found inside the ground

Oil is the backbone for the economy of any country. Today India is among the largest oil importing countries in the world. Whether it is petroleum, diesel or other hydrocarbons. Without them, it is difficult to run the economy of modern India, but this tradition is not only today. Reversing the pages of history, it is known that the roots of oil imports extend to the Mughal period. Even though crude oil (crude oil) was not imported during that period, various types of oil and perfumes were called from foreign countries. The luxury life of the Mughals and the use of oil in their daily life shows the importance of this tradition.

Irfan Habib’s book The Agrarian System of Mughal India mentions that at that time, mustard, castor, flaxseed and sesame oil were prepared in large quantities in India. These oils were used in cooking. Mustard oil was the most common option to light a lamp. These oils had an important role in the body massage and medicinal uses. After extracting oil, the remaining part was used in animal food. Apart from this, a special attraction of Mughals was towards fragrant oils and perfumes. In the era of Akbar, the factory-e-AW was established, where roses prepared oil and perfumes from rose, jasmine and sandalwood.

Foreign oil and business relationship of Mughals
The Mughals used to get many oils in India, but olive oil and rose water had to be ordered from Persia (Iran) and Arabia. Olive oil was a favorite for foreign feasts and medicinal experiments. It was used a lot in rose water royal palaces and religious rituals. Along with oil, the Mughals were also inclined towards alcohol and opium. Alcohol was mainly sourced from Iran and Central Asia. Jahangir and Babur were considered fond of alcohol and opium, while Aurangzeb tried to stop it. This business dependence highlights the luxury of the Mughals and the global economic links of that era.

Iran and oil reserves then and now
Even today, when the oil import-export is discussed, Iran’s name definitely comes. According to the report of the World Population Review, the first number is Venezuela, the second on Saudi Arabia and Iran on the third. Iran has a huge reserves of about 2,08,600 million barrels of oil. This is the reason that Iran has remained an important center of oil trade since ancient times.

Modern India and oil imports
India today imports about 85% of its energy needs. India’s oil imports from Russia have increased significantly in recent years. Despite the pressures of America and Europe, India has made it clear that it will give priority to its energy security. During the Trump’s era, India was threatened with buying oil from Russia, but India has continued this policy. It is clear that the import of oil that started from the Mughal era is still an important part of India’s economic strategy.

Also read: Mughal Emperor Akbar: Who was Shehzadi Aram Banu Begum? Why Akbar used to sprinkle his life, know the story related to Haram’s butterfly