Nuclear weapons are considered the most lethal weapons for humanity. These include killing large numbers of people in a matter of moments, destroying cities and creating environmental and health crises that can last for decades. Today we will know in detail the main types of these weapons, their effects, historical examples and the warnings and legal framework raised against them at the global level. Nuclear weapons are generally divided into four major types.

1. Fission (fission/atomic) bomb

This is the oldest type and in this, huge energy is released from the fission of nuclei of heavy atoms. Historically, the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were in this category. It has the potential to cause massive destruction in small cities or large areas and leave immediate and long-term radiation effects.

2. Thermonuclear (hydrogen) bomb

It is many times more energetic than fission. It involves integrated fission-triggered and fusion processes, due to which the yield can go from kilotons to megatons. Extreme heat, huge pressure waves and long-term radioactive fallout can affect large areas. Therefore it is considered the most dangerous at the tactical and strategic level. The name of ‘Tsar Bomba’ is associated with one of the most powerful tests in history, whose yield estimation has been discussed.

3. Neutron Bomb (Radiation-Focused)

It is a special type of the thermonuclear family that aims to cause significant damage to survivors through rapid high-level neutron radiation rather than a blast, while leaving physical structures relatively intact. Its use has been considered in military strategies but is not widely supported due to humanitarian and legal concerns.

4. Dirty Bomb (Radiological Dispersal Device)

Dirty bombs are made by mixing radioactive material with conventional explosives so that radioactive pollution can be spread. This is not a conventional ‘nuclear explosion’, but can cause local-area fear, economic damage and long-term health risks. Its purpose is generally considered to be terrorism or instigating public consciousness.

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Iran’s President Masood Pipeskian said in an interview to Fox News on Thursday (September 25) that who will guarantee us that Israel will not attack our nuclear bases? Until such a guarantee is received, Iran will not consider reducing its uranium enrichment level. However, he also reiterated that Iran would never make atomic bombs.

This statement came at a time when allegations and counter-allegations between Iran and Israel were intensified in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). UK’s UN messenger announced that the UN ban on Iran would be re -implemented from 26 September. Russia and China tried to postpone it, but the proposal could not pass. Tehran warned that western countries would have to bear the responsibility of this. Poraskian said that despite these sanctions, Iran will not come out of NPT (nuclear non -proliferation treaty).

Israel’s opposition

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in UNGA that the world should not allow Iran to re -erect nuclear and military programs. He along with the US indicated to increase pressure on Iran. In June 2025, Israel and the US also carried out air strikes on Iran’s nuclear bases.

Iran’s argument NPT right

Iran says that it has as much right to promote uranium as it is to all member countries of NPT. The condition is that technology should be used only for peaceful energy production. At the same time, Israel is not a member of NPT and it is believed that it is the only country in the middle East which has nuclear weapons.

Increased stress and global impact

Iran’s economy is already struggling with American and Western sanctions. If the new UN restrictions are strictly applicable, Tehran can adopt a more aggressive stance. On the other hand, Israel’s strong opposition and America’s support can push the issue towards a big confrontation in the Middle East.

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