Nuclear weapons are considered the most lethal weapons for humanity. These include killing large numbers of people in a matter of moments, destroying cities and creating environmental and health crises that can last for decades. Today we will know in detail the main types of these weapons, their effects, historical examples and the warnings and legal framework raised against them at the global level. Nuclear weapons are generally divided into four major types.

1. Fission (fission/atomic) bomb

This is the oldest type and in this, huge energy is released from the fission of nuclei of heavy atoms. Historically, the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were in this category. It has the potential to cause massive destruction in small cities or large areas and leave immediate and long-term radiation effects.

2. Thermonuclear (hydrogen) bomb

It is many times more energetic than fission. It involves integrated fission-triggered and fusion processes, due to which the yield can go from kilotons to megatons. Extreme heat, huge pressure waves and long-term radioactive fallout can affect large areas. Therefore it is considered the most dangerous at the tactical and strategic level. The name of ‘Tsar Bomba’ is associated with one of the most powerful tests in history, whose yield estimation has been discussed.

3. Neutron Bomb (Radiation-Focused)

It is a special type of the thermonuclear family that aims to cause significant damage to survivors through rapid high-level neutron radiation rather than a blast, while leaving physical structures relatively intact. Its use has been considered in military strategies but is not widely supported due to humanitarian and legal concerns.

4. Dirty Bomb (Radiological Dispersal Device)

Dirty bombs are made by mixing radioactive material with conventional explosives so that radioactive pollution can be spread. This is not a conventional ‘nuclear explosion’, but can cause local-area fear, economic damage and long-term health risks. Its purpose is generally considered to be terrorism or instigating public consciousness.

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Pediatric Cancer: Techniques like medical imaging i.e. CT scan, X-ray are the most important means for doctors to identify disease and decide treatment. Many times the patient’s life can be saved by timely investigation. But the new research has also highlighted its threat to children. Scientists at US UC San Francisco and UC Davis University have found that radiation emanating from medical imaging can be a major cause of blood cancer in children. This study has been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Record check of 40 lakh children

Researchers studied medical records of about 40 million children and teenagers from the US and Canada. The results were shocking. The study revealed that about 10 percent of the total blood cancer found in children can be related to radiation from medical imaging. That is, about 3,000 cases came up only because of this.

Why cancer more dangerous in children?

Blood cancer, which includes leukemia and lymphoma, are most found in children. Experts say that children’s body is in the era of development, so their cells are more sensitive to radiation. Also, there is a long life in front of them, which increases the risk of getting cancer.

What threat from which investigation?

CT Scan: It has the highest amount of radiation. Research found that only one or two head CT scans are almost doubled the risk of blood cancer.

More scans: In the children who made CT scans several times, this danger increased by three times.

X-rays: The X-ray used in the chest or bone fracture test gives comparatively low radiation, so the risk of cancer is also very low.

Study data

A total of 2,961 children found blood and bone marrow cancer.

About 79 percent of these were lymphoid cancer, while 15 percent were acute leukemia and meloid cancer.

More than half of cases were found in children younger than 5 years.

The percentage of cancer in boys was 58 percent.

How to rescue possible?

Researchers said that if doctors and hospitals avoid unnecessary scans and where necessary, at least 10 percent of cases of cancer can be stopped in children. Apart from this, tests like ultrasound and MRI are more secure options because they do not contain ionizing radiation.

Expert opinion

Dr. Rebecca Smith-Bindman, the chief writer of the study, says, “Children are extremely sensitive to radiation-borne cancer. So we should think before every investigation whether it is really necessary.”

At the same time, co-writer Dr. Diana Miglioretti says that “this research clearly shows that the more radiation is available, the more the risk of cancer will increase. So doctors will have to take a decision with responsibility.” Medical imaging is important in treating children and saving lives, but excessive use can cause serious threats. If precautions are taken on time and safe options are adopted, then thousands of children can be protected from cancer in future.

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Disclaimer: This information is based on the opinion of research studies and experts. Do not consider it an alternative to medical advice. Before adopting any new activity or exercise, consult your doctor or concerned specialist.

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