The intersteller comet Atlas is going to pass over Mars on Friday (October 03, 2025). This rare comet has caught the attention of special agencies around the world. This is the third intersteller body, which will pass through the closest to Mars. This distance will be about 3 crore kilometers (1.86 million mi).

Many aircraft are orbiting Mars with cameras to capture the scene of passing by Mars. NASA’s Psychy spacecraft, which is moving towards the asteroid 16, will see a glimpse of 3i/atlas soon after.

3i/atlas will reach ‘Jupiter’ after Mars

After passing by Mars, this comet will reach ‘Jupiter’. ESA’s Jupiter IC Moons Explorer (Juice) will monitor 3i/Atlas from 2 to 25 November. Meanwhile, the comet will reach the nearest point of the Sun, Perihelian. In this phase, solar heating makes the comet the most active and brighter.

Space agencies are fully prepared to record this rare astronomical event. The European Space Agency (ESA )’s Mars Express and Exomars Tres Gas Orbiter, when this comet passes near Mars, will observe it. At the same time, NASA’s Mars Reconancy Orbitter, which has a highrise camera, will also try to take pictures of high quality of this comet.

3i/Atlas traveling at such a speed

According to scientists, 3i/Atlas is traveling at a speed of about 130,000 mph (219,000 km/h). Its center is estimated to be less than 1 kilometer diameter. Scientists have also discovered that the rear of the comet has gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water-water.

Since comet 3i/atlas will be very close to the Sun when viewed from the Earth at the time of the subcontinent (near the Sun), it will be difficult to see it safely from the earth. In such a situation, the spacecraft near Mars and Jupiter will give the best opportunity to see the texture and structure of this comet closely and well.

3i/atlas designed from normal comet

Harvard’s astronomer AV Loaib has expressed its possibility of being artificial due to some unusual features of this comet. However, most scientists agree that 3i/atlas is a naturally made internetous comet. The findings so far indicate that the texture of this comet can be different and more complicated than the normal comet of our solar system.

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Isro-nasa mission: Information in detail of accurate forecast of disasters like monitoring, earthquake and landslides of the Earth’s surface, earthquake and environmental changes will soon be possible through Indo-US joint space mission ‘Nisar’ (NISAR).

This joint mission of NASA and ISRO will be launched through GSLV rocket from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh by the end of July 2025. Its total cost is around $ 1.5 billion (about Rs 12,500 crore), making it the most expensive meaning imaging satellite in the world.

How will Nisar work?
Its dual -frequency radar technology that makes Nisar satellite special. It has two different radars-

• The first S-band radar has been created by the Space Application Center (SAC) in Ahmedabad, ISRO.
• The second L-band radar, which has been prepared by NASA’s California-based Jet Promiples Lab (JPL).

Both radar will keep an eye on events such as subtle changes on the surface of the Earth, polar ice, glaciers’ activity, volcanoes, landslides and earthquakes. This technique is based on “Synthetic Aperture Radar”.

ISRO-NASA partnership
The foundation of this unprecedented mission was laid in 2012 by negotiation between ISRO and NASA. In 2014, there was an official agreement between the two agencies, under which one radar was decided to be prepared in India and the other in America. According to Dr. Nilesh Desai, director of SAC Center, Ahmedabad, it is a symbol of India’s technological progress, in which our first active radar was launched in 2012 and worked successfully for four and a half years.

NASA, influenced by India’s SAR technology, proposed to develop a new and more modern satellite. NASA had “Sweep SAR Technology” at that time, which gives better resolution and coverage than normal SAR.

Future natural disasters are possible
Nisar satellite will allow earthquakes, landslides, melting of glaciers, maritime changes and other environmental activities. This satellite will imaging the same place of the Earth every 12 days, so that scientists will be able to recognize even micro-level changes. This will help not only India and America but also the whole world to predict climate change and natural disasters.

Within 1 to 3 months of launch, this satellite will start giving data, which will prove useful in the policy, disaster management and environmental protection.

China space plan: China has achieved another major success towards sending its astronauts on the moon. China’s plan is to send three astronauts to the moon by 2030. Growing towards this goal, China conducted a successful escape test of its new lunar mission “Mengzhou “‘s Return Capsule on 17 June. In this test, the capsules of Mengzhou were successfully separated from the escape tower. This test is important because this technology ensures safety of astronauts in the event of emergency. This was China’s second “zero-hit escape flight test” after the 1998 Shanejhou Mission, that is, in a situation when the vehicle is very low from the ground and the capsule has to be separated in the emergency.

Mengzhou: ‘Dream ship’
This lunar vehicle of China is named Mengzhou, which means “dream ship”. The special feature of this vehicle is that its escape and rescue systems are completely inside the spacecraft, while in the earlier Shanejhou mission, this work was done by rocket system. This means that astronauts will now be more secure and the system is more self -sufficient.

Technical improvement in escape system
The escape system of this mission has been developed by the fourth academy of China’s Aerospace Science and Industry Corp (CASIC). He informed that this time the escape system has been developed using indigenous sensors and mechanical systems. Along with this, SRM (solid rocket motor) technology has been used, which creates thrust through solid fuel. This system has been installed on the upper part of the return capsule, so that astronauts can be evacuated immediately if needed.

Future Preparation- Long March 10A Mission
CMSA said that now the next big mission will be launched in 2026 long March 10A rocket. This mission will play an important role in future preparations. After the Escape Test of Mengzhou, the plan of China’s manned lunar mission will now move forward.

Launch on Moon three times and landing in 2030
China had earlier sent an unmanned vehicle called Changai 6 to the moon in May 2023. Now CNSA plans to launch a long March 10 rocket between 2027 and 2030. During the mission of 2030, the vehicle carrying three astronauts will go to the moon and do the dock with a lander and then landing on the surface of the moon.

In this way, China’s lunar mission is no longer a dream, but with accurate technical preparation and step by step, it is growing seriously towards sending humans on the moon.

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