The International Criminal Tribunal (ICT) on Monday sentenced former Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to death in the case of crimes against humanity. Immediately after this decision, the atmosphere in Dhaka worsened. In the capital which was already struggling with violence, Hasina’s supporters and opponents came face to face, due to which ruckus and clashes started in many areas.

Dhanmandi became a conflict zone
As soon as the court’s decision came out, Hasina’s supporters took to the streets in protest and started raising slogans. On the other hand, opposition groups gathered in large numbers and started demanding immediate hanging of Hasina. The violent clash between the two sides took place in ‘Dhanmondi 32’ area of ​​Dhaka when some students of Dhaka College were trying to enter the area with two bulldozers. They were announcing on loudspeaker that after the verdict they would demolish Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s old house. Hasina’s supporters tried to stop her, after which the situation worsened. Police reached the spot and released sound grenades to disperse the crowd and increased the security of the area.

Security tightened at historic Dhanmondi 32
Dhanmondi 32 is the home of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, father of Sheikh Hasina and founder of Bangladesh, which has now been converted into a museum. In view of the possibility of violence, military personnel have been deployed in this area so that the museum can be protected from any kind of damage. Dhanmondi Police Station Operations Officer Abdul Qayyum said that the students who brought the bulldozer were stopped on the main road itself. He said that he was not allowed to enter the restricted area. Even before the announcement of Hasina’s sentence, a large number of supporters had gathered outside Dhanmondi 32 so that no opposition group could damage this house.

Awami League’s bandh, ‘shoot at site’ ordered in the capital
Sheikh Hasina’s banned party Awami League has announced a two-day bandh in protest against the tribunal’s decision. For the last few days, crude bomb blasts have been taking place continuously in Dhaka and surrounding areas. The headquarters of Grameen Bank has also been attacked with a crude bomb. In view of the increasing tension, the interim government has issued orders to shoot at sight. Strict instructions have been given to the security forces to take immediate action against rioters, arsonists and those spreading violence. Despite this, the situation in the capital remains very serious.

Tribunal’s statement – Hasina responsible for thousands of deaths
A three-member bench of the ICT, headed by Justice Golam Murtaza Mojumdar, said Sheikh Hasina had directly ordered the violence to suppress the student movement in July and August last year. He said that during the movement, 1,400 students were killed, about 24,000 people were injured and bombs were dropped on peacefully protesting students. The court says that this widespread violence was carried out on the instructions of Hasina and that she was the “key conspirator” of this entire operation. When the situation worsened during the student movement, Sheikh Hasina came to India and has been living here since then.

Hasina’s emotional message before the verdict
Before the sentencing, Sheikh Hasina issued an audio message to her supporters. In this he rejected all the allegations against him and said that he was not afraid of any punishment. He said that life has been given to him by Allah and taking it back is only the right of Allah.

The International Criminal Tribunal (ICT) of Dhaka has sentenced former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to death for the killings in the 2024 student movement. The court says that Hasina instigated violence and gave orders to kill. In the same case, former Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan also got death sentence, while former IGP Abdullah Al-Mamun was given 5 years in jail. The court has also ordered to confiscate the property of Hasina and Khan.

Both the leaders are currently in India for 15 months. Hasina has called the decision political and biased. This decision has come at a time when Hasina has been in exile in India for the last one year. Now the big question is what ways forward are left for them?

What is the matter?
After a lengthy trial, the International Criminal Tribunal for Bangladesh ruled that Sheikh Hasina was directly responsible for the violence during the 2024 student-led movement. The court acknowledged that he had ordered security forces to use ‘harsh and lethal force’. This decision was pronounced in her absence because she has been living in India since August 2024.

How big was the scale of violence?
The situation had worsened during the student protests in 2024. According to a United Nations report, 1,400 people were feared dead and thousands injured during the protests between July 15 and August 5, 2024. This violence is said to be the worst unrest in Bangladesh since the 1971 independence war.

Hasina’s exile
This protest started when student organizations first intensified their demand for improvement in the job quota system and later for Hasina’s resignation. The violence began to escalate rapidly and on August 5, 2024, protesters started moving towards the PM’s residence, just hours before which Hasina left for India. After his departure, an interim government was formed under the leadership of Nobel laureate Mohammad Yunus, which was given the responsibility of restoring order and holding elections, but the process of major political reforms has been slow and elections are planned to be held in February.

Ban on Awami League and tense atmosphere
Hasina’s party Awami League has not been allowed to participate in the upcoming elections. Analysts believe that the death penalty decision could give rise to new unrest in the country, especially when elections are near. In recent times, incidents like throwing of crude bombs and burning of vehicles have come to light in different parts of the country.

What happened in the trial?
The prosecution told the court that they have found evidence which proves that Hasina directly ordered the use of lethal force to suppress the movement. The court had appointed a government lawyer for Hasina, who told the court that the allegations were false and she should be acquitted. Before the decision, Hasina herself had said that this entire process is “not fair” and the decision is already decided.

What options does Sheikh Hasina have now?
appeal to supreme court
This decision can be appealed in the Supreme Court of Bangladesh. If the appeal is accepted, it could open the way for the sentence to be overturned or reduced.

garnering political and international support
Hasina is continuously claiming that the matter is motivated by political vendetta. They can try to get support from international organizations, human rights groups and allied countries.

applying political pressure through exile
Because of his residence in India, he is not in danger of immediate arrest. She can organize her party and supporters even while in exile.

Waiting for a new political equation
Hasina’s son Sajeeb Wajed has said that he will appeal only if a democratically elected government is formed and the Awami League is allowed to participate in the political process.

contest extradition
If the Bangladesh government asks for his extradition, they can oppose it on legal and political grounds in India. This process can be long and complicated.