By Admin 
Causes Of Antibiotic Resistance: In India, treatment of many common infections like UTI, pneumonia, sepsis and diarrhea is no longer as easy as before. Medicines that affect bacteria found in hospitals are becoming increasingly weak. This picture has been clearly shown by ICMR’s AMR Surveillance Report of 2024. The report includes analysis of samples of about one lakh patients collected from big hospitals of the country. It was revealed that the biggest threat is from gram-negative bacteria, which are now defeating even many strong antibiotics.
E. coli, which causes the most common infections, has already shown resistance to many drugs. At the same time, Klebsiella pneumoniae, which is a major cause of pneumonia and sepsis, neutralizes even drugs like piperacillin-tazobactam in three-fourths of the cases. Even on ‘last-line’ antibiotics like carbapenems, its effectiveness is continuously decreasing, leaving very few treatment options for patients. The most worrying conditions were seen in the ICU. Acinetobacter baumannii found here was found to be 91 percent resistant to strong drugs like Meropenem. In such cases, doctors are forced to resort to more toxic and difficult drug combinations. Resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is also continuously increasing, making the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia more difficult.
According to the report
- 72 percent of bloodstream infections were caused by bacteria that do not respond to common drugs.
- Acinetobacter, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas were responsible for most of the ventilator-associated pneumonia cases.
- Many germs causing diarrhea were also found resistant to popular drugs like fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins.
There is hope for slight improvement in some places, like E. coli has shown better response to amikacin and some cephalosporins, but overall the picture is becoming more serious. The risk of fungal infection is also increasing. Candida auris remained resistant to drugs in about 10 percent of cases, while about one-third of Aspergillus samples were found resistant to important drugs like Amphotericin B. ICMR said that this data is of infections in hospitals, the picture of the general community may be different from this. Yet, according to experts, the signs are very clear that the antibiotics used daily in India are losing their efficacy, and serious patients are suffering the direct effects of this.
What are superbugs?
Superbugs are bacteria that are resistant to many types of antibiotics. When a patient gets infection due to these then normal medicines do not work. Due to this, the treatment gets prolonged and the disease becomes difficult to control.
Major superbugs seen in India
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
- Drug-resistant TB
- Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
- Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
These bacteria do not respond to many medications, making it even more challenging for doctors to choose the right treatment.
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Disclaimer: This information is based on research studies and expert opinion. Do not consider this as a substitute for medical advice. Before adopting any new activity or exercise, please consult your doctor or relevant specialist.
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