On July 9, 2026, the south-west monsoon covered the entire country. This date was delayed by just one day from July 8. This was the slowest extension of the monsoon since 2021, when it reached the entire country on July 13. But a warning has also come with this news. IMD said that the active period of monsoon is now ending and the rainfall will reduce again from July 15. Why will the rains reduce and what will happen next…

When and how did monsoon cover the entire country?

Monsoon entered Kerala on June 4 this year i.e. three days late from June 1. After this, the pace of monsoon remained very slow for about two weeks. June 2026 was the fifth driest June in 126 years. Between June 1 and 30, the country received only 99.5 mm rainfall, i.e. 40% less than normal. But in the first week of July the monsoon made a strong comeback. Between July 1 and 8, the country received 42% more rainfall than normal. At this fast pace, the monsoon completed its expansion across the country on July 9 by covering the remaining parts of Rajasthan, Haryana and Punjab.

This was the slowest expansion since 2021, but historically this is not unusual. Since 1971, monsoon has covered the country anytime between 16 June (2013) to 15 August (2002).

How much rain did it rain and how much was the loss?

Between June 1 and July 9, a total of 205 mm rainfall occurred in the country. Whereas the general average of this period is 233.1 mm. That means till July 9, there was 14% rain deficit in the country. For comparison, let’s see how much improvement happened:

date	rain loss
30 June	40%
7th July	17%
9th July	14%

Meaning, in just 9 days the rain deficit reduced from 40% to 14%. However, the territorial distribution has been very uneven:

• East and North-East India: 38% decrease
• Bihar: 53% reduction
• Jharkhand: 43% reduction
• Punjab: 37% reduction
• Uttar Pradesh: 27% reduction
• South Peninsula: 15% reduction
• North-West: 9% decrease

In contrast, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Odisha received 3% more rainfall.

What warning has IMD given?

The biggest news is that the active period of monsoon is now ending. IMD Director General Mrityunjay Mohapatra clearly said, ‘The active phase is now over. The rain will gradually reduce from July 10 and will remain like this for the next two weeks.

OP Sreejeet, IMD scientist and head of the Climate Monitoring Group, also reiterated the same thing, ‘Due to the northward shift of the monsoon trough, rainfall activity will start reducing from July 10. We can expect below normal rainfall in the country from July 15.

Which states will be most affected?

There will be very less rainfall in Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Telangana for the next 5-7 days. Rain will continue in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim and Northeast.

IMD had already predicted below normal (less than 94%) rainfall for July 2026. For the entire monsoon season (June-September), IMD has predicted 90% of normal rainfall, which is due to El Nino.

Is 14% rain deficit dangerous?

The deficit of 14% falls under IMD’s ‘normal’ classification. According to IMD, 19% less to 19% more rainfall than normal is considered ‘normal’. However, if the rainfall is reduced by 20% to 59%, then it is called ‘deficient’. If there is a deficiency of 60% or more, then it comes in the ‘scanty’ category.

Meteorologists declare drought when seasonal rainfall in an area is less than 75% of normal. It is further divided into two categories:

• Moderate Drought: 26% to 50% reduction
• Severe Drought: More than 50% reduction

What has been the impact on Kharif crops?

The delay in monsoon and drought in June has had a direct impact on the sowing of Kharif crops.

• So far sowing has been done in 350.85 lakh hectares.
• 91.95 lakh hectares less sowing compared to last year
• Soybean and cotton have been most affected

Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chauhan said that farmers have been advised to sow low water crops like maize, millet and moong. The government has prepared a national seed stock of 1.75 lakh quintals. 262 sensitive districts are being monitored.

Why the slowest monsoon after 2021?

There were three major reasons for the delay this year:

• Weak cross-equatorial winds, which bring the monsoon
• Lazy monsoon trough, which is necessary for rain
• Strong El Nino, which weakens the monsoon

IMD says that rainfall will reduce from July 10 and will become below normal from July 15. What does it mean:

• While the deficit reduced from 40% to 14% in a week, this deficit may increase again due to less rainfall in the next two weeks.
• This will be a challenge for Kharif crops, especially in areas where there has already been less rainfall.
• The water level in the reservoirs is lower than last year.
• S&P Global Ratings has warned that a weak monsoon could impact rural demand, agricultural income and inflation.

However, one ray of hope is that there is a possibility of rain again in late July.

What is the real picture of the weather?

• Good news: By July 9, monsoon covered the entire country. Losses reduced from 40% to 14% in a week. There was good rain in Central India.
• Worrying news: Rain has been decreasing since July 10. ‘Below normal’ rainfall is expected from July 15. There is a shortage of 38% in Eastern India. Kharif sowing is less by 92 lakh hectares. The threat of El Nino still persists.

IMD says that the deficit of 14% is currently in the ‘normal’ category, but due to less rain in the next two weeks, this deficit may increase again.

Due to the scorching heat in Europe, old temperature records are continuously being broken and the entire continent is in the grip of extreme heat. The hottest days in history were recorded in France on Tuesday and Wednesday, with temperatures reaching 39 to 43 degrees Celsius in western parts. Wednesday was the hottest day of June in the history of Britain and the temperature was recorded at 36.1 degrees Celsius. According to preliminary data, many June temperature records have also been broken in Spain, Germany, Austria, Netherlands and Switzerland.

Meanwhile, many people have died in France, including dozens who drowned while trying to get relief from the scorching heat. The global sea surface temperature has again reached record levels. The Australian Meteorological Department has officially confirmed the formation of El Nino conditions, which is expected to bring warmer and drier weather than normal in Australia, Asia and the South Pacific region. India and Pakistan are also facing scorching heat.

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abnormal heat

The condition when temperatures are much higher than normal for three or more consecutive days is called heat wave. According to scientists, this time the heat wave in Europe is more worrying for two reasons – its timing and its severity.

ahead of time

The hottest time in Europe usually occurs from mid to late July, but now the extreme heat starts in June. This is only the second time since the 1950s that a heatwave has reached its peak several weeks before the season. According to a study, if there was no effect of human-generated greenhouse gases, heat like June 2025 would have occurred once in 50 years, but due to 1.3 degree Celsius global temperature rise, such a situation may now be seen every five years.

breaking records

If climate change had not occurred, such rapid and intense warming would not have been possible. Tuesday and Wednesday were the hottest days in France since 1947. The average temperature of the entire country was recorded at 29.9 degrees Celsius. On Tuesday, the highest temperature of June was recorded in 147 cities and the mercury reached above 43 degrees Celsius at 41 weather stations. Both nights were also the hottest, with temperatures reaching 45 degrees Celsius at some places in Spain and minimum temperatures of 30 degrees Celsius or more on three consecutive nights.

impact of climate

According to scientists, long-lasting high pressure areas trap hot air near the surface, while climate change fueled by fossil fuels is increasing both the intensity and duration of heatwaves. There were only five major heatwave periods in Europe between 1950 and 1999, whereas between 2000 and 2025 their number has increased to more than 20. According to the European Climate Risk Assessment, extreme heat in Southern Europe has become a serious threat to public health. If the effect of El Nino also continues, the global average temperature in 2026 and 2027 may remain close to record levels. Due to the changing climate, extreme heat has now become a global crisis related to health, environment and economy for the whole world.

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The process of formation of a very strong El Nino is accelerating in the Pacific Ocean. A satellite of America’s space agency NASA has recorded increased heat on the sea surface. Data from NASA’s Sentinel-6 Michael Froelich satellite has shown that sea levels near the equator are higher than normal. This means that a large amount of hot water is accumulating under the sea.

In some parts of the Pacific Ocean, when the temperature becomes higher than normal and the sea surface rises, it is called El Nino. America’s weather and ocean related agency NOAA had informed about the onset of El Nino on June 11. The rise in sea level also helps in understanding how much heat is stored below, because hot water expands and the surface rises.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5u3uYG4n5N8

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What did scientists tell about El Nino?

Scientists have said that the situation in the western Pacific Ocean is similar to a big El Nino like 1997. In 1997, there was a very powerful El Nino, which was called Godzilla El Nino. Now scientists say that this new El Nino is continuously getting stronger and it can have a huge impact in the coming times. NASA’s lab has also made a map of the ocean from satellite data. In this the situation of June 8 is shown. In this, red color shows those places where sea level is high, white color shows normal situation and blue color shows low level. The same satellite had also previously recorded large waves of warm water (Kelvin Waves), which spread for hundreds of miles in the ocean.

El Nino will affect India

The impact of this El Nino will not be limited to the sea only, but will affect the entire world. Weather organizations say that due to this the temperature will be higher than normal in many countries. This could be one of the strongest El Niños in the last 150 years. This will increase the heat and change the rain pattern. It may affect India also. The effect of heat is already visible and if the monsoon weakens, it can also affect the country’s economy, which is worth about 4 trillion dollars.

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The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has issued a major climate warning for the world. The organization says that the sea water in the Pacific Ocean is becoming warmer than normal, due to which an El Niño situation is being created. This may affect the world’s temperature and rainfall patterns in the coming months. Due to this, weather related events like extreme heat, heavy rains, floods and drought may increase in many countries.

According to WMO, temperatures are likely to be above normal in almost all parts of the world from June to August 2026. According to the organization’s El Nino/La Nina update, there is an 80 percent chance of El Nino forming between June and August 2026. The probability of it continuing till at least November 2026 is said to be 90 percent or more. Although there remains some uncertainty about its peak strength and exact timing, most weather models suggest it will be at least moderate and possibly quite strong.

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What did Antonio Guterres say about El Nino?

United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said in his video message that science clearly shows that El Nino is going to come with about 90 percent probability. He said that the world should consider this as a serious climate warning because the effect of El Nino on the already warming earth will make the situation more difficult. According to him, its effects will be more serious and it will affect beyond the borders of many countries. He said that the best solution is to take fast and effective steps to deal with climate change, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, promote renewable energy and strengthen the system of providing timely warnings to the people.

Statement by WMO Secretary General Celeste Saulo

WMO Secretary General Celeste Saulo said the world needs to prepare now for a possible strong El Nino. He said that due to this, incidents of both drought and heavy rains may increase in many areas. The risk of heatwave will also increase both on land and sea. They reminded that the 2023-24 El Niño was among the strongest El Niño events on record and played a significant role in the record global temperatures of 2024.

Sea surface temperature is continuously increasing
According to the WMO, sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern parts of the equatorial Pacific Ocean continued to rise during late April and May and approached the limits of El Nino. The water below the sea surface is also about 6 degrees Celsius warmer than normal, due to which the surface temperature is increasing further. For this reason the El Nino situation is developing rapidly. Along with this, the Southern Oscillation Index is also indicating the formation of El Nino.

Every El Nino is different – WMO

WMO said that El Nino and La Nina are two different phases of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This is one of the most powerful natural climate patterns on Earth. During El Nino, the waters of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean become warmer than normal. It usually occurs once every two to seven years and can last for about nine to twelve months. It often develops between March and June and reaches its strongest between November and February. The greatest impact is usually visible the following year. However, every El Nino is different and its impact depends on its strength, timing and its relationship with other weather systems. Therefore, its impact is not the same in every country and every region. WMO also said that the term Super El Nino is not its official classification and the organization does not use it.

Flood situation may arise due to El Nino

According to WMO, due to El Nino, there may be more than normal rainfall and flood conditions in southern South America, parts of South America, Horn of Africa and Central Asia. There is a possibility of drought and below normal rainfall in Central America, Northern South America, Caribbean, Australia, Indonesia and some parts of Southern Asia.

sea ​​storms will be affected

It can also have an impact on sea storms. During El Nino, storm activity may increase in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, while the likelihood of storm formation in the Atlantic Ocean may decrease. For this reason, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has predicted a below normal hurricane season in the Atlantic region this year. WMO has also expressed concern for South Asia. According to the South Asian Climate Outlook Forum, monsoon rainfall is likely to be below normal in entire South Asia including India. At the same time, the Greater Horn of Africa Climate Outlook Forum has also predicted below normal rainfall in its region. According to the Central America Climate Outlook Forum, there is a possibility of drier and hotter weather there.

WMO statement in Global Seasonal Climate Update

WMO has said in its Global Seasonal Climate Update that temperatures are expected to be above normal in almost all parts of the world during June, July and August. This may increase heat stress in many areas and drought conditions may develop rapidly in areas where rainfall is less. On the other hand, in areas where there is more rainfall, the risk of incidents like heavy rains and floods will increase. The organization says that timely weather forecasting and early warning systems are very important to save people’s lives, take right decisions in areas like farming, health, energy and water management and reduce economic losses. Therefore, governments and related agencies need to make preparations from now on.

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El Nino Farm Safety Tips: This year, the road to monsoon is going to be a bit rocky for the farmers of the country because the shadow of El Nino has started looming over our fields. According to Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chauhan, the government is on full alert mode regarding this threat and 197 districts of the country have been selected as the most sensitive i.e. high-risk zones.

The Indian Meteorological Department has estimated that this time the south-west monsoon may be less than normal i.e. only about 90 percent. In such a situation, if the effect of El Nino increases in the second phase of monsoon, then there can be huge loss to the crops. To deal with this big challenge, the government has started special preparations in collaboration with the states so that the fields of the farmers and their hard work can be saved from drought.

What is the complete plan of 197 districts?

In view of this tension of El Nino, the Agriculture Ministry is holding high-level review meetings every week so that the situation can be monitored 24 hours. The government has specially prepared contingency plans for these 197 sensitive districts. Adequate stocks of seeds and other agricultural materials required to deal with any emergency or drought-like situation have already been collected.

Along with this, a big Save Farm campaign is being run across the country with the aim of making the farmers aware at the ground level to deal with this weather pattern. Monsoon has reached Kerala on June 4 and is expected to cover the entire country by July 15, hence the administration is on alert.

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Farmer brothers, keep your fields safe like this

When there is a danger of less rainfall due to El Nino, farmers will have to make some modern and smart changes in their farming methods. In this difficult time, you can use mulching technique to conserve moisture in your fields. In which the ground is covered with dry leaves or plastic. To prevent huge wastage of water, drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation will prove to be the best option.

Apart from this, following the advice of agricultural scientists, give priority only to the varieties of crops which require less water and take less time to prepare. By joining the government’s Khet Bachao Abhiyan, keep getting correct information about weather and seeds so that your crops can be saved in time.

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Meteorologists have given a special name to El Nino of 2026, ‘Godzilla’. This is not the title of a sensational movie, but the name of a terrible weather system developing in the Pacific Ocean that can completely overturn temperatures, rains and storms around the world. Scientists estimate that this Godzilla El Nino could be even more intense than the record-breaking El Nino of 1997-98 and 2015-16, which caused massive devastation on a global scale. Then why is it raining in many areas now? What effect will this have on India’s monsoon? And will it prove to be as destructive as the movie monster?

What is Godzilla El Nino and why did it get this name?

El Nino is a natural weather cycle that occurs every two to seven years, when the surface waters of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean become unusually warm. But not every El Nino is the same. According to the report of IPB University of Indonesia, when the sea surface temperature increases by 2.5 degrees Celsius or more than normal, it is called ‘Super El Nino’. This temperature rise may cross 2.5 degrees in 2026. That is why scientists have named this monstrous force ‘Godzilla’. Data till April 2026 show that this El Nino will be one of the most powerful ever.

What does the history of 1997 and 2015 say?

To understand what a Godzilla El Niño could do, it’s important to look at previous Super El Niños. The El Nino of 1997–98 was the worst ever recorded. Due to this, more than 23,000 people died worldwide and there was an economic loss of more than 45 billion dollars. There were severe floods in California, devastating fires in the forests of Indonesia and Brazil. There was drought in Africa and India. Similarly, the El Nino of 2015-16 gave the world the hottest year ever and created drought conditions in India twice in a row. This history is worrying scientists the most about 2026.

What will be the impact on India’s monsoon?

The biggest concern for India is monsoon. Historically, there has been a strong correlation between a strong El Nino and a weak monsoon in India. The BBC report quoted weather experts as saying that Godzilla El Nino could weaken the south-west monsoon that runs from June to September in India. Due to this, drought like situation may arise in many parts of the country. This could be bad news especially for the farmers of North-West and Central India. However, scientists also say that the effect of every El Nino is not the same. Sometimes the warm waters of the Indian Ocean (positive IOD) can reduce its negative effects.

Its impact on the world: drought, floods and cyclones

The impact of Godzilla El Nino will not be limited to India only. This can disrupt the weather of the entire world. According to the Firstpost report, due to this, there may be severe drought in Australia, Indonesia and large parts of South-East Asia, which will increase the risk of forest fires. At the same time, there is a possibility of heavy rains and floods in the western coast of South America, especially Peru and Ecuador. The warm waters of the Pacific Ocean will provide additional energy to storms, which may increase the number and intensity of cyclones.

A riddle: Why is it raining when Godzilla comes?

Experts of IPB University have explained this contradiction. El Nino had already started in April 2026, but despite this, rains continued in some areas. The reason for this is that the effect of El Nino is not immediate and uniform. Local weather systems, ocean winds and other global climate systems complicate its effects. In Indonesia itself, rain occurred in some areas because the influence of the Pacific Ocean was clashing with the local meteorology there. This shows that El Nino does not work like a fixed formula, but it is a complex natural process.

Is the world ready to bear this shock?

The biggest threat of Godzilla El Nino is that it will deliver a double blow to a world already warming due to climate change. 2023-24 are already the hottest years on record and now Godzilla El Nino could take global temperatures to new heights. Issues like food security, water scarcity and energy supply may become more serious. However, governments and weather agencies are now making better preparations than before.

India has also increased monsoon monitoring and issued advisories to the agriculture sector. Governments around the world are preparing disaster management plans, but only the coming months will tell how effective these preparations will be in the face of Godzilla-like El Nino.

There is no need to be afraid, there is a need to understand

Godzilla El Nino is undoubtedly a serious climate phenomenon, but it is more important to understand it from a scientific point of view rather than just spreading fear about it. It is difficult to predict its effects, but with the help of past experience and modern technology, there are ways to deal with it. For a country like India, where a large part of the economy depends on monsoon, this is the time for vigilance and preparation. The coming months will tell whether Godzilla truly brings record-breaking destruction or whether a major threat is averted.

El Nino Crop Damage Compensation: These days, scientists and meteorological departments are continuously warning about El Nino. It is believed that due to its effect, there may be less than normal rainfall in many areas, due to which the risk of damage to Kharif crops has increased. In such a situation, the biggest question in the minds of farmers is that if there is a drought or the crop gets damaged due to weather, then how will the loss be compensated. To reduce this concern of the farmers, the Central Government is running the Prime Minister Crop Insurance Scheme. Under this scheme, financial assistance is given to farmers in case their crops get damaged due to natural disaster, drought, flood, hailstorm or other weather related reasons. So let us know how the government gives compensation even if the crop gets damaged due to El Nino and how the farmers get the benefit.

What is El Nino and why is it a cause of concern for farmers?

El Nino is a weather condition in which the temperature in some parts of the Pacific Ocean increases more than normal. It affects the weather of many countries of the world. During El Nino in India, conditions like less rain, more heat and drought are often seen. If the monsoon weakens, both sowing and production of crops may be affected. This is the reason why the worry of farmers increases as soon as the name of El Nino comes up.

Even if crops get damaged due to El Nino, how does the government provide compensation?

The central government provides compensation under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana for crop damage due to El Niño. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is an important scheme of the Central Government, whose objective is to provide financial security to farmers against crop losses due to natural disasters. If the crop gets damaged due to drought, flood, cyclone, heavy rain, hailstorm or any other natural cause, then the insurance company compensates the farmers as per the prescribed rules. This helps the farmers to come out of the economic crisis. The biggest feature of this scheme is that farmers have to pay very low premium. In this, only 2 percent premium has to be paid for Kharif crops and 1.5 percent premium for Rabi crops. For horticulture and business crops, a maximum premium of 5 percent has to be paid.

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How do farmers get benefits?

If there is damage to the crop due to El Nino or any other natural disaster, the farmer should inform it as soon as possible. According to the rules, information about the loss has to be given within 72 hours. Farmers can give this information to the insurance company, agriculture department or on the toll-free helpline. After receiving the information, the concerned officials inspect the fields and assess the damage. After the report is prepared, the compensation amount is sent directly to the bank accounts of eligible farmers.

How to check the status of your claim?

After filing the crop insurance claim, farmers can also check its status online. For this they will have to go to the website of PM Crop Insurance Scheme. After this the Application Status option has to be selected. Then the application number or receipt number has to be entered and finally the farmer can see the complete details of his claim online.

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El Nino Impact On Crops: These days the fear of El Nino is increasing rapidly in many parts of the country. Due to this seasonal change in the Pacific Ocean, the sea surface temperature suddenly increases. Which has a direct and fatal impact on our Indian monsoon. Due to this, monsoon winds become very weak and there is severe shortage of rain in many parts of the country.

This year also, seeing the continuously increasing heatwave and deteriorating pre-monsoon conditions, the Agriculture Department has come on full alert mode. The biggest danger due to El Nino is delay in sowing of Kharif season crops and complete loss of soil moisture. Let us tell you which crops are going to be hit the hardest by the shadow of this drought.

El Nino will affect these crops

The first and deadly attack of El Nino is seen on the most important crop of Kharif season i.e. paddy (rice). Paddy plants require standing water in the initial stages and due to weak monsoon, both its planting and yield are badly affected. Apart from paddy, cotton cultivation also does not escape its attack.

Because due to lack of water and increasing temperature, the attack of sucking insects like aphids and white fly suddenly increases. Even a long-duration cash crop like sugarcane, which requires frequent heavy irrigation, is on the verge of drying up due to water crisis. Along with these major crops, the growth of pulse crops like arhar, moong and urad also stops due to the disappearance of soil moisture.

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Farmers can save their hard work with these measures

To deal with this big seasonal crisis, it is very important for the farmers to make some modern changes in their old traditional farming methods. The first step should be that farmers should choose climate-resilient varieties of seeds that require less water and can tolerate drought. To utilize every drop of water properly, micro-irrigation techniques like drip irrigation and sprinklers should be adopted immediately.

Keep an eye on the weather department’s forecasts

Along with this, keep a constant eye on the forecasts of the Meteorological Department and slightly change or delay your sowing time according to the rain pattern. Use mulching to conserve soil moisture and instead of relying on a single crop, do multi-cropping so that even if one crop fails, the loss can be compensated by the other.

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El Niño Pattern impact on Earth: United Nation has issued a warning regarding the environment. The organization has said that the world should be prepared for the early return of El Nino and the terrible extreme weather conditions that come with it.

According to the report published in the Guardian, WMO i.e. World Meteorological Organization has informed on Tuesday that this powerful nature-related weather pattern, which increases the temperature in the world, and makes the rain worse in some places. This model, formed in the ocean and the atmosphere, is predicting the return of cyclical phenomena to be at least medium speed and fast.

Scientists said that this could be the most powerful El Nino of this year. However, at present the organization itself is doubtful as to how accurate these warnings will prove to be.

What information did WMO Secretary General Celeste Saulo give?

WMO Secretary General Celeste Saulo has said that it has great diversity. There are some models that are not indicating any strong El Niños, while others are. UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres has said that the world should take this as a warning of climate change. El Nino conditions will add fuel to the fire of rising global temperatures. Its effects will be very strong, and they will spread far and wide. That means we will cross destructive limits.

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Due to this, El Nino occurred in the years 2023 and 2024. It was one of the five powerful El Niños. In this, 2024 was made very hot. It broke all global temperature records.

What kind of effects are seen from alanine?

Every incident of Alaninos is unique. Scientists generally associate it with South America, the Horn of Africa, and parts of Central Asia. In contrast, drought conditions are usually seen in parts of Central America, Northern South America, the Caribbean, Australia, Indonesia, and South Asia. Warmer ocean water could make storms more powerful in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. In such a situation, this warning has come at a time when Western Europe is recovering from the unusual heat in the month of May. All temperature records for the month of May were broken in the UK and Ireland.

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Meteorologists of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have predicted Atlantic hurricanes to be calmer than normal this time, due to El Nino. Due to El Nino, there is a 55 percent chance of below normal activity and a 10 percent chance of above normal activity.

The Atlantic hurricane season runs from early June to November 30, with a peak in hurricane activity in mid-September. El Nino is a periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, causing disturbances in rainfall systems that can increase the intensity of floods, droughts and heat waves in many parts of the world. This seasonal phenomenon increases the global average temperature during its active phase.

What happens during El Nino
El Niño events typically occur every 2 to 7 years and typically last 9 to 12 months. Its opposite form is ‘La Nina’, which means the temperature of the Pacific Ocean is cooler than normal. During El Nino, the winds weaken or change direction, causing the warm waters of the Pacific Ocean to flow back east toward the coasts of the Americas. This reduces the activity of Atlantic hurricanes, while increasing the activity of hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean.

Even though El Nino originates in the Pacific Ocean, it affects the entire world. Due to this, India, Australia, Southern and Central Africa, and the Amazon Basin will face severe heat and forest fires. Heavy rains and floods may occur in some parts of America, especially the southern part. More heat may be seen in North America.

How much impact will it have on India?
El Nino will have a direct impact on India. This can make the heat last longer. There may be less rainfall than normal during the monsoon season, due to which crop production will reduce and prices of food items will increase. Temperature is already increasing in India due to climate change.

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