Whenever tension increases between Iran and America, the world’s eyes first turn to oil prices and the Strait of Hormuz. It is not wrong to understand this because 20 percent of the world’s total crude oil passes through Hormuz and Iran has 12 percent of the world’s oil reserves. But does Iran only have oil? no way. A treasure trove of rare minerals is buried beneath Iran’s soil…

How big are Iran’s mineral reserves?

According to the Tehran Times report:

• Iran holds 15 percent of the world’s total mineral reserves.
• Iran accounts for 3 percent of the value of the world’s total mineral production.
• More than 68 types of minerals are found in Iran.
• Iran ranks 5th in the world in terms of natural resources. Its total value has been estimated at around 27.5 trillion dollars.

Lead and Zinc: Iran’s biggest weapon

Iran has huge reserves of lead and zinc:

• Iran has 3 percent of the world’s total lead and zinc reserves.
• Including lead and zinc, Iran has proven reserves of more than 220 million tonnes.
• Iran is the fourth largest producer of lead and zinc in Asia after China, Kazakhstan and India.
• Iran has the world’s largest zinc reserves. According to estimates in some reports, Iran has reserves of about 300 million tons of zinc.
• Iran ranks 11th in the world in terms of lead.
• Iran is the sixth largest zinc producer and fifth largest lead producer in Asia.
• The annual export potential of Iran’s lead and zinc sector is about $2 billion.
• About 80 percent of the production of this sector is exported to 15 countries.

The most interesting thing is that Iran has not even discovered deep underground mining yet. It has less environmental impact than surface mining. This means that Iran may have even more minerals, which have not been discovered yet.

Not just lead-zinc, Iran has much more

Iran’s mineral wealth includes several more strategic minerals:

• Copper: Iran has about 2.6 billion metric tons of copper reserves, which is 5 percent of the world’s total copper reserves. Iran ranks 7th in the world in terms of copper.
• Uranium: Iran also has uranium reserves.
• Lithium: Recently reserves of 86 lakh tonnes of lithium have been found in Iran. Lithium is the most important mineral for batteries of electric vehicles.
• Iron Ore: Iran is the country with the 7th largest iron ore reserves in the world, with 7.1 percent of the world’s reserves. Iran is at 9th place in terms of iron ore.
• Rare Earth Elements: Iran also has reserves of rare earth elements such as titanium.

Why are these minerals so important?

These minerals are not just ‘stones’, but they are the backbone of future technology:

• Zinc is used in making steel, batteries and electric vehicles.
• Lead is used in batteries, defense equipment and radiation protection.
• Copper is essential for electric wiring, electronics and renewable energy.
• Lithium is the backbone of electric vehicles and mobile batteries.

According to a report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Iran’s mineral resources make it an important player in the emerging race for ‘critical minerals’. The demand for these minerals in clean energy, electric vehicles and modern defense systems has increased so much that they have got the status of ‘strategic goods’.

Iran’s mineral strength despite sanctions

The question is that if Iran has such huge mineral reserves, then why is it not able to take full advantage of it? American sanctions are the biggest reason behind this. Due to sanctions, Iran is unable to get machinery and technology from western countries, due to which the mining sector is not able to work at its full capacity.

Despite this, Iran has strengthened its mineral trade with Asian markets, especially China. Iran exports a large part of its copper and zinc to China. In 2023-2024, almost all of Iran’s zinc concentrate exports went to China.

So this fight is not limited to oil only?

France’s Geological Survey Agency (BRGM) has warned that the ongoing crisis in the Middle East is shaking not only the oil and gas markets, but all the mineral resources markets of the world. The production of minerals like aluminium, sulfur and helium, which require natural gas, is also being affected.

G7 countries like America, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and Japan have already decided that by 2030, not more than 60 percent of their imports of ‘rare earth elements’ should be from any one country. This means that the G7 wants to reduce its dependence on China and in this effort Iran can emerge as an alternative.

Oil India Discover Oil Gas In Libya: A big and happy news has emerged for India amidst the Middle East war. Oil India Limited has reported the discovery of a foreign reserve of oil and gas. This stock has been found in Libya. Information has been given to the stock exchange on behalf of this government company. This discovery has been made in Area 95/96 Block of Libya. It falls in the Ghadames Basin located in the south-western area of ​​the country. This area is considered to have immense potential for hydrocarbons.

How much stake does Oil India have in this block?

Oil India has 25 percent stake in this block. This block is spread over an area of ​​approximately 6,630 square kilometers. It is part of an Indian consortium. Indian Oil Corporation Limited is also included in this.

According to the company, there is a plan to dig eight wells in this block. Five of these have been excavated. This reserve was discovered during the excavation of the sixth well. Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) has recognized this discovery.

Oil and gas were found from so many wells in 2012-2014

Earlier, between 2012 and 2014, oil and gas were found from four wells. The company said that this new discovery will now be evaluated in detail. This will make it easier to assess the capacity of the stock. Oil India has said that this discovery can increase the value of its overseas assets. Also, it will prove helpful in increasing revenue in future.

This discovery is being considered important because the supply has been affected since the blockade and war on Hormuz. About one-fifth of the world’s oil is supplied through this route. In such a situation, it has affected the world economy. Inflation has increased in the countries of the world due to the supply of gas and oil. Shortage of millions of barrels of oil has been seen in the markets.

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There has been a long claim of having a huge oil-gas reserves in Pakistan, but every time these claims are obtained, because the reality is far away from it. When Imran Khan was Prime Minister in 2019, he also announced that a large reserves of oil and gas are going to be found near the border of Iran, about 230-280 km from the coast of Karachi.

Imran Khan then said that this store will be so big that Pakistan will not only meet its oil needs, but will also be able to export oil. At that time the American company was drilling in a block named Kekra-1 in the Cakra-1 at the ENI Samudra.

Imran Khan’s claims had made Pakistan trouble

The claims of Tatkalinee PM had raised hope among the Pakistanis at that time, but after a few hours, Pakistan’s Petroleum Ministry made it clear that there was no significant results in drilling. Later, Director General of Pakistan Petroleum Limited Moin Raza Khan said that only water was found in Kekra-1 instead of oil or gas. The project cost $ 124 billion, but the possibility of success was just 12 percent.

Due to this, Imran Khan was very upset not only in Pakistan but also worldwide, because his big claims were declared false. Many critics said that these claims were made only to woo foreign investors and divert public attention from the economic crisis.

In 2024, Pakistan left the Shigufa of ‘Neela Treasure’

In September 2024, there were reports in the Pakistani media once again that a huge reserves of oil and gas have been found in the sea area. It was claimed that it could be the fourth largest oil gas reserves in the world. Even it was named Neela Treasure. And it was said that this discovery took place after a three -year geographical survey. Experts questioned this claim.

Muhammad Arif, a former member of the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA), said that the search is promising but the size of the store and how much oil-gas can be extracted from it is not yet clear. It may take 4-5 years to extract oil or gas and it requires an investment of more than $ 5 billion. A 2024 report stated that exxonmobil and other companies excavated up to 5500 meters, but no significant reserves were found.

Pakistani remains a joke of Trump’s statement

Recently, US President Donald Trump announced that the US would develop its ‘huge oil reserves’ with Pakistan. Trump even said that maybe one day Pakistan sold oil to India, but this statement became a joke in Pakistan itself. People called it a comedy show on social media. One user wrote that Trump’s tweet to Pakistan revealed that we have oil.

Why do these news fly again and again?

Many Pakistanis said that these claims are old and earlier also such promises were made during Imran Khan, which proved to be hollow. Some jokingly said that maybe Pakistan will try to sell Iranian oil as its own.

According to experts, Pakistan’s economy is burdened with debt and inflation. In such a situation, the news of the discovery of oil becomes a means of concentrating public attention and attracting foreign investors. The same happened during Imran Khan and now Trump’s statement has again given a wind to this discussion.

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