The process of formation of a very strong El Nino is accelerating in the Pacific Ocean. A satellite of America’s space agency NASA has recorded increased heat on the sea surface. Data from NASA’s Sentinel-6 Michael Froelich satellite has shown that sea levels near the equator are higher than normal. This means that a large amount of hot water is accumulating under the sea.

In some parts of the Pacific Ocean, when the temperature becomes higher than normal and the sea surface rises, it is called El Nino. America’s weather and ocean related agency NOAA had informed about the onset of El Nino on June 11. The rise in sea level also helps in understanding how much heat is stored below, because hot water expands and the surface rises.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5u3uYG4n5N8

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What did scientists tell about El Nino?

Scientists have said that the situation in the western Pacific Ocean is similar to a big El Nino like 1997. In 1997, there was a very powerful El Nino, which was called Godzilla El Nino. Now scientists say that this new El Nino is continuously getting stronger and it can have a huge impact in the coming times. NASA’s lab has also made a map of the ocean from satellite data. In this the situation of June 8 is shown. In this, red color shows those places where sea level is high, white color shows normal situation and blue color shows low level. The same satellite had also previously recorded large waves of warm water (Kelvin Waves), which spread for hundreds of miles in the ocean.

El Nino will affect India

The impact of this El Nino will not be limited to the sea only, but will affect the entire world. Weather organizations say that due to this the temperature will be higher than normal in many countries. This could be one of the strongest El Niños in the last 150 years. This will increase the heat and change the rain pattern. It may affect India also. The effect of heat is already visible and if the monsoon weakens, it can also affect the country’s economy, which is worth about 4 trillion dollars.

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There is a place in space at an altitude of about 400 kilometers, where humans have been living continuously for the last 25 years. This is the International Space Station (ISS). This station, weighing about 450 tonnes, is as big as a football field. It started in 1998 and astronauts have been living here continuously since 2000, but now its age is coming to an end. It will be retired in 2030. NASA has prepared a plan of 1 billion dollars (about Rs 9500 crore) for this and there is a plan to bring it back to Earth and drop it in the Pacific Ocean between 2028 and 2030. After all, why is this space house being destroyed, what will happen in space after this and what effect will it have on India and the world?

What is International Space Station?

ISS is a joint project of the world’s five largest space agencies. This includes NASA (America), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe) and CSA (Canada). Its first part was sent into space in 1998 and astronauts have been living here continuously since 2000.

It is a space lab the size of a football field, weighing approximately 450,000 kg, which orbits at an altitude of about 400 kilometers. Every part of the station is interconnected and it cannot function without the help of any one partner. This is not only a scientist’s laboratory, but it also shows how different countries can work together to accomplish difficult tasks like space.

Why is it being abolished?

In fact, ISS has now completed its prescribed age. Its tenure has been extended several times, but now its condition is worsening. There are three major reasons due to which the decision to recall the ISS has been taken:

1. Aging and cracks of the station: For the last few years, there have been continuous technical glitches in the ISS. The biggest problem is the continuous air leakage in the ‘Zvezda’ module of the Russian section. On June 5, 2026, the situation became so serious that NASA had to order its astronauts to be ready for evacuation. These cracks and leaks have been a persistent problem in parts of Russia for more than five years, which NASA’s Inspector General has termed as ‘the biggest security risk’. Although efforts are underway to seal the cracks, the situation is on the verge of getting out of control.

2. Very expensive to run ISS: Billions of dollars are spent every year to keep the ISS safe and operational. Instead of investing so much money on this aging station, NASA now wants to invest it in Moon and Mars missions. Under the Artemis program, NASA wants to send humans to the Moon again and after that there are preparations to go to Mars also.

3. Inflow of Commercial Space Station: NASA wants private companies to take over the work of research and habitation in low Earth orbit. For this, NASA is building new space stations in collaboration with many private companies. Therefore, retiring the government station i.e. ISS is a more sensible step.

How will the ISS be dismantled and what will be the entire process?

ISS will not be dismantled overnight. This will happen under a long and very precise plan:

• Phase 1 – Astronaut evacuation (2028-2029): The operation of ISS will be stopped gradually. Around 2028, the last crew (astronauts) will be safely brought back to Earth from the ISS and no new crew will be sent after that.
• Second phase- lowering the orbit to enter the Earth’s atmosphere: By the time the ISS is in its last phase, its orbit will be gradually brought down. To do this, a new spacecraft named American Deorbit Vehicle (USDV) will be built. NASA has given the contract to build this vehicle to SpaceX for 843 million dollars (about Rs 7000 crore). This vehicle will be a larger and more powerful version of the Dragon capsule, which will dock with the ISS and slowly pull it down from its orbit.
• Third Stage – Final Dive and Fall into the Sea: At the right time, this USDV will push the ISS into the Earth’s atmosphere with the final thrust. When the ISS reaches an altitude of about 280 kilometers, it will be the point from where return is not possible. As soon as it collides with the atmosphere, tremendous heat will be generated, due to which most of the station will burn up. Still, some larger pieces will not burn and will have to fall to Earth. These pieces will be dropped at a particular place. This place is a deserted area in the Pacific Ocean, which is also called ‘Spacecraft Cemetery’. There is no population here, so there will be no loss.

What will happen after the ISS ends?

The demise of the ISS is not the end of any story, but the beginning of a new era. What are different countries going to do after this?

1. Commercial Space Station

NASA will no longer build government stations for research in lower Earth orbit. Instead, he is helping several different private companies build the stations. Then NASA will rent space from these companies. There are four major contenders:

• Axiom Space: This company is at the forefront. It plans to launch the first two parts of its station by 2028. First these parts will remain connected with the ISS and later they will separate and form their own separate station.
• Blue Origin: It is building a versatile station named ‘Orbital Reef’. This will be a platform where work ranging from research to manufacturing and even tourism can be done.
• Voyager Space: This station is also being built under the name ‘Starlab’. Its specialty is that it will be launched completely at once and not in parts.
• Vast: This company is building a small and economical station named ‘Haven-1’, which is planned to be launched from SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket.

NASA has kept a budget of approximately 2.1 billion dollars (about Rs 17,600 crore) for all this.

2. China’s Tiangong Space Station

After the departure of the ISS by 2030, China’s ‘Tiangong’ (which means ‘heavenly palace’) will be left as the only major space station in space. At present it has three modules, but China is going to increase it to six modules soon. With this its weight will be around 180 tonnes. China has planned to operate it for 15 years. In 2026 itself, China has sent two of its astronauts to this station, one of which will stay there for a year.

3.India’s Indian Space Station (BAS)

India is also not behind in this race. ISRO is preparing to build its own space station, named ‘Indian Space Station (BAS)’. In September 2024 itself, the Cabinet had approved the launch of its first module (BAS-01) by 2028. However, the entire station will consist of five modules and is expected to be completed by 2035. Once built, India will join the list of select countries that have built their own space station. ISRO is also trying to join hands with Russia for this project.

The International Space Station is scheduled to end in 2030. This is the end of an era, which proved that humans can live in space for years and can make great scientific discoveries there. But with the retirement of the ISS, a ‘new era’ is beginning where private companies will have commercial stations. Countries like India and China have now jumped into this race.

Meteorologists have given a special name to El Nino of 2026, ‘Godzilla’. This is not the title of a sensational movie, but the name of a terrible weather system developing in the Pacific Ocean that can completely overturn temperatures, rains and storms around the world. Scientists estimate that this Godzilla El Nino could be even more intense than the record-breaking El Nino of 1997-98 and 2015-16, which caused massive devastation on a global scale. Then why is it raining in many areas now? What effect will this have on India’s monsoon? And will it prove to be as destructive as the movie monster?

What is Godzilla El Nino and why did it get this name?

El Nino is a natural weather cycle that occurs every two to seven years, when the surface waters of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean become unusually warm. But not every El Nino is the same. According to the report of IPB University of Indonesia, when the sea surface temperature increases by 2.5 degrees Celsius or more than normal, it is called ‘Super El Nino’. This temperature rise may cross 2.5 degrees in 2026. That is why scientists have named this monstrous force ‘Godzilla’. Data till April 2026 show that this El Nino will be one of the most powerful ever.

What does the history of 1997 and 2015 say?

To understand what a Godzilla El Niño could do, it’s important to look at previous Super El Niños. The El Nino of 1997–98 was the worst ever recorded. Due to this, more than 23,000 people died worldwide and there was an economic loss of more than 45 billion dollars. There were severe floods in California, devastating fires in the forests of Indonesia and Brazil. There was drought in Africa and India. Similarly, the El Nino of 2015-16 gave the world the hottest year ever and created drought conditions in India twice in a row. This history is worrying scientists the most about 2026.

What will be the impact on India’s monsoon?

The biggest concern for India is monsoon. Historically, there has been a strong correlation between a strong El Nino and a weak monsoon in India. The BBC report quoted weather experts as saying that Godzilla El Nino could weaken the south-west monsoon that runs from June to September in India. Due to this, drought like situation may arise in many parts of the country. This could be bad news especially for the farmers of North-West and Central India. However, scientists also say that the effect of every El Nino is not the same. Sometimes the warm waters of the Indian Ocean (positive IOD) can reduce its negative effects.

Its impact on the world: drought, floods and cyclones

The impact of Godzilla El Nino will not be limited to India only. This can disrupt the weather of the entire world. According to the Firstpost report, due to this, there may be severe drought in Australia, Indonesia and large parts of South-East Asia, which will increase the risk of forest fires. At the same time, there is a possibility of heavy rains and floods in the western coast of South America, especially Peru and Ecuador. The warm waters of the Pacific Ocean will provide additional energy to storms, which may increase the number and intensity of cyclones.

A riddle: Why is it raining when Godzilla comes?

Experts of IPB University have explained this contradiction. El Nino had already started in April 2026, but despite this, rains continued in some areas. The reason for this is that the effect of El Nino is not immediate and uniform. Local weather systems, ocean winds and other global climate systems complicate its effects. In Indonesia itself, rain occurred in some areas because the influence of the Pacific Ocean was clashing with the local meteorology there. This shows that El Nino does not work like a fixed formula, but it is a complex natural process.

Is the world ready to bear this shock?

The biggest threat of Godzilla El Nino is that it will deliver a double blow to a world already warming due to climate change. 2023-24 are already the hottest years on record and now Godzilla El Nino could take global temperatures to new heights. Issues like food security, water scarcity and energy supply may become more serious. However, governments and weather agencies are now making better preparations than before.

India has also increased monsoon monitoring and issued advisories to the agriculture sector. Governments around the world are preparing disaster management plans, but only the coming months will tell how effective these preparations will be in the face of Godzilla-like El Nino.

There is no need to be afraid, there is a need to understand

Godzilla El Nino is undoubtedly a serious climate phenomenon, but it is more important to understand it from a scientific point of view rather than just spreading fear about it. It is difficult to predict its effects, but with the help of past experience and modern technology, there are ways to deal with it. For a country like India, where a large part of the economy depends on monsoon, this is the time for vigilance and preparation. The coming months will tell whether Godzilla truly brings record-breaking destruction or whether a major threat is averted.

Meteorologists of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have predicted Atlantic hurricanes to be calmer than normal this time, due to El Nino. Due to El Nino, there is a 55 percent chance of below normal activity and a 10 percent chance of above normal activity.

The Atlantic hurricane season runs from early June to November 30, with a peak in hurricane activity in mid-September. El Nino is a periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, causing disturbances in rainfall systems that can increase the intensity of floods, droughts and heat waves in many parts of the world. This seasonal phenomenon increases the global average temperature during its active phase.

What happens during El Nino
El Niño events typically occur every 2 to 7 years and typically last 9 to 12 months. Its opposite form is ‘La Nina’, which means the temperature of the Pacific Ocean is cooler than normal. During El Nino, the winds weaken or change direction, causing the warm waters of the Pacific Ocean to flow back east toward the coasts of the Americas. This reduces the activity of Atlantic hurricanes, while increasing the activity of hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean.

Even though El Nino originates in the Pacific Ocean, it affects the entire world. Due to this, India, Australia, Southern and Central Africa, and the Amazon Basin will face severe heat and forest fires. Heavy rains and floods may occur in some parts of America, especially the southern part. More heat may be seen in North America.

How much impact will it have on India?
El Nino will have a direct impact on India. This can make the heat last longer. There may be less rainfall than normal during the monsoon season, due to which crop production will reduce and prices of food items will increase. Temperature is already increasing in India due to climate change.

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Deepest Place In The World: The deepest place on Earth is hidden beneath the vast Pacific Ocean. This place is so deep that even the world’s highest mountain will be completely submerged in it. We are talking about the Mariana Trench. It is a geological wonder that reveals the extreme limits of our planet’s oceans and is one of the least explored regions of Earth.

a unique wonder

The Mariana Trench is located east of the Philippines in the western Pacific Ocean. Its deepest point, known as Challenger Deep, reaches a depth of about 11034 meters below sea level. To understand this, if Mount Everest, whose height is 8849 meters, is kept inside this trench, it will still remain buried under 2 kilometers of water.

pressure and freezing darkness

Conditions at the bottom of the Mariana Trench are among the most extreme on the planet. The pressure in Challenger Deep is more than 1000 times the atmospheric pressure at sea level. This is roughly equivalent to balancing dozens of jumbo jets on a human body. The temperature remains close to freezing. Usually between one degree Celsius and four degrees Celsius. Sunlight does not reach here.

Life despite so many difficulties

The surprising thing is that many unique creatures survive even in this condition. Scientists have discovered creatures like Mariana Snail Fish. Xenophyophores, giant unicellular organisms, thrive here as well as amphipods and shrimp-like organisms.

Pollution has reached its deepest point

One of the most disturbing discoveries in recent years is that human pollution has reached the Mariana Trench. Scientists have found plastic bags, food wrappers, micro plastics and toxic chemicals in the bottom of Challenger Deep. These things show that no place on Earth, even its deepest point, has remained untouched by human activity.

How was the Mariana Trench formed?

Geologically, this trench was formed when the Pacific Plate went under the Mariana Plate. This slow but powerful electronic process created a trench that is approximately 2550 kilometers long and 69 kilometers wide on average.

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China is working on a new type of weapon, named Nuclear Torpedo. This is considered a new threat to the whole world. This project of China is directly inspired by Russia’s Posidon Torpedo, which is called ‘Doomsde Weapon’. The atomic torpedo is a underwater unmanned drone weapon, which can be equipped with a nuclear warhead. Its purpose is to explode near the beaches and generate a radioactive tsunami. China can use it to challenge the US in the Indo-Pacific sector. America is getting tension about this.

According to the Eurasian Times report, the atomic torpedo will have a small atomic reactor, which will give it the ability to run long distances. It can be operated up to 200 hours at a speed of 30 knots (56 km/h). Its size shorter than Russia’s 65 feet long Posidon, so it can be launched from the normal torpedo tube.

Russia’s Posidon Atomic Torpedo

Russia has already made an atomic torpedo named Posidon. It is the world’s first nuclear-driven torpedo. It has been claimed that it can take a atomic warhead up to 100 megatons. It can run under water thousands of kilometers at high speed and also works in deep depths. In 2023, its first batch was deployed in Russia’s submarine Belgorod.

China’s new torpedo

China has planned to make its nuclear torpedo by taking inspiration from Russia. According to reports, it will be small and cheaper. It can also be launched from the normal torpedo tube. A small atomic reactor can be installed in it, which will be able to run it at a speed of 56 kilometers per hour for hundreds of hours. China is working on a plan to make it massive.

Tsunami and Environmental threat

If there is an attack from atomic torpedo, coastal cities can drown. Millions of people can be homeless. Marine life and environment will suffer heavy losses. Sea water can be radioactive. Some experts believe that it is technically difficult to create such a large tsunami, so this weapon can also be a means of creating more psychological fear than the real war.

What is China’s strategy?

China wants to pressurize countries like America, Japan and Australia in the Indo-Pacific sector. The US and its allies are planning nuclear submarines after the Aukus agreement. China wants to show its strength with this new weapon. Also, it can be a way to create strategic pressure on Taiwan.

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The 8.8 magnitude earthquake on the Russian’s Kamchatka Peninsula on Wednesday (July 30, 2025) has shook the entire Pacific Ocean. The power of this earthquake was so much, which put a threat of tsunami in the Pacific Ocean and this is the threat of tsunami on 12 countries around, due to which the lives of millions of people are hanging in the balance. Let us tell you what is the story of the Pacific Ocean and Okhotsak Sagar, which can affect 12 countries of the world.

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deep ocean in this world. It is spread over 165.25 million square kilometers, which has an average depth of 4,280 meters. This ocean is so vast that it connects Asia, Australia, North America and South America. At the same time, a small part of this ocean is Okhotsak Sagar, which is in its northwest part.

Where is Okhotsa Sagar?

This Okhotsa Sagar is spread over 1.58 million square kilometers, its average depth is 859 meters and maximum depth is 3,372 meters. It is surrounded by Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula, Kuril Island, Hokkaido Island in Japan, Sakhalin Islands and coastal areas of Eastern Siberia. Apart from this, this ocean is connected to Japan Sea through La Paros Strait and Sakhalin Bay.

The Pacific Ocean is called the heart ,Okhotsak Sagar,

Okhotsa Sea is called the heart of the Pacific Ocean, as it sends oxygen, cold water and nutrients to the Pacific Ocean, this greatly promotes the sea life of the ocean. However, this area is especially known for seismic activities with its biological prosperity. 90 percent of the world’s earthquakes fall in this area. In such a situation, when the sea bottom is shaken due to earthquake, it produces tsunami waves.

What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?

There is a circle around the Pacific Ocean, where the Earth’s tectonic plates collide. The circle starts from Chile and extends to South America, Central America, Mexico, America’s west coast, Alaska, Japan, Philippines, New Guinea and New Zealand. This is called Pacific Ring of Fire. Of the earthquakes that occur in the world, 90 percent of them fall in this area. Okhotsa Sea is a part of this ring, which is very active seismic near the work and Kuril islands.

12 countries danger of devastation due to earthquake and tsunami

The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) said, “The earthquake of the Russian Tannak Peninsula was so powerful that it has released millions of people in all the people of all the countries of Russia, Japan, Hawaii, California, Alaska, Solomon Island, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Philippines, Guam, and New Zealand. Hangs in the balance.

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Ecuador earthquake: A 6.3 magnitude earthquake was recorded on the Richter scale on Friday (April 25) on the Pacific Coast of Ecuador. The shocks were so intense that vibration was felt in at least 10 provinces. The northern part of the country was badly shaken by the earthquake on the Pacific coast of Ecuador. According to officials, some houses have been damaged due to this earthquake. However, the news of anyone’s casualties has not been reported so far.

According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), the epicenter of this earthquake was located about 20.9 km north-east from the city of Esmeraldas in the Pacific Ocean. The depth of the earthquake was 35 km measured, which makes it a powerful seismic activity. Esmeraldas is located about 296 km north-west of Quito, the capital of Ecuador. Although no loss of life has been revealed after the earthquake, the local media has confirmed cracks and fall in the front parts of many houses.

Tsunami warning issued first, then canceled
The Ecuador administration initially issued a tsunami warning in the Pacific coastal areas, as the sea waves could become uncontrolled after powerful earthquakes. But shortly after, this warning was canceled, assessing the situation. Administration and disaster management agencies are still surveying the effect of earthquake, and people have been instructed to be vigilant.

Why do earthquakes come?
There are 7 major tectonic plates within the earth, which always moves a little from their place. When these plates collide with each other or get stuck on the fault line, friction arises there. This friction produces a large amount of energy, which finds a way to get out and when the surface of the earth starts trembling when it goes out.

Is this a danger bell for the whole world?
Recently, powerful earthquakes in many countries including India, Japan, Türkiye, Indonesia, America have indicated that tectonic activity is increasing. This earthquake in Ecuador is also considered part of this global pattern. Scientists are constantly doing research on whether climate change and geological movements are pointing to a deep change.